Web Design for Usability

Question 1

What is the distance from a user’s goal to an action in the interface called?

Answer 1

Gulf of Execution

Question 2

What is a User Goals?

Answer 2

Something that a user wishes to achieve

Question 3

Getting from goals to actions requires ______.

Answer 3

planning

Question 4

Intermediate steps are called ___-____ or ____.

Answer 4

sub-goals or tasks

Question 5

In short, Gulf of Execution is?

Answer 5

Action

Question 6

In short, Gulf of Evaluation is?

Answer 6

Feedback

Question 7

Users must be able to _____, ____, and _____ feedback.

Answer 7

perceive, interpret, evaluate

Question 8

What is Perception?

Answer 8

Seeing, hearing or feeling the system response to an action.

Question 9

What is Interpretation?

Answer 9

Understanding the symbols, graphics, sounds or text in context.

Question 10

What is Evaluation?

Answer 10

“have I done it?” - also known as closure

Question 11

What are the four goal-mapping questions?

Answer 11

1. How do users know their goal is attainable?
2. How do users know what to do?
3. How will the users know they’re done the right thing?
4. How will users know they’ve attained their goal?
   (steps 2 and 3 are repeated)

Question 12

What are the possible answers for goal-mapping questions?

Answer 12

1. Implicit Expectations
2. Explicit Expectations
3. Indirect Match
4. Direct Match

Question 13

What is the best answer to the goal-mapping questions?

Answer 13

Direct match

Question 14

What is an Implicit Expectiations?

Answer 14

Implicit expectations reflect established norms of performance. Implicit expectations are established by business in general, other companies, industries, and even cultures.

An implicit reference might include wording such as “Compared with other companies…” or “Compared to the leading brand…”

Question 15

What is an Explicit Expectations

Answer 15

expectations from a previous experience, external evidence

Explicit expectations are mental targets for product performance, such as well-identified performance standards.

Question 16

What is an Indirect Match?

Answer 16

A match that the user did not expect.

Question 17

What is a Direct Match?

Answer 17

A match that the user exactly expected.

Question 18

In hierarchical task analysis, what is an artifact?

Answer 18

Something needed to complete a task

Question 19

What is Information Foraging?

Answer 19

The scent of information. (Navigation as a journey)

Question 20

What is the order of a goal-oriented model?

Answer 20

1. Goal
2. Sub-Goals
3. Unit Tasks
4. Artifacts(Atomic)

Question 21

What is the aim of goal-oriented design?

Answer 21

To decompose goals into actions using concepts, methods and terminology familiar to users.

Question 22

Goals should be established from user ______ and development of _____.

Answer 22

observations and personas

Question 23

What is the LEAST EFFECTIVE method for establishing user needs and behaviours? a. Direct Observation b. Interviews c. Focus Groups

Answer 23

c. Focus Groups

Question 24

What is artifact is user experience?

Answer 24

Things users work with to achieve their goals

Question 25

What is one of the main benefits of personas?

Answer 25

They promote empathy within the team. Personas have the advantage of promoting empathy by giving users realistic identities.

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of card sorting? a. Can be done online or face-to-face b. Provides data on terminology and relationships c. Is effective whether or not users understand the terms on the cards

Answer 26

C. Is effective whether or not users understand the terms on the cards

Question 27

What are personas?

Answer 27

A way of establishing an understanding of who users are and their common needs/behaviors.

Question 28

Which stories is written about researched user behaviors/needs, in third person, by or in collaboration with UX/UCD practitioners.

Answer 28

Persona Stories

Question 29

What is card sorting?

Answer 29

Allows us to establish how users think about the terminology we plan to use in menus, navigation and information architecture.

Question 30

What are the two types of card sort?

Answer 30

1. Open | 2. Closed

Question 31

What is a Open card sort?

Answer 31

Participants make as many groups as they need and give them their own names.

Question 32

What is a Closed card sort?

Answer 32

Numbers and names of groups are fixed in advance.

Question 33

What is agglomerative monothetic clustering?

Answer 33

Starting with small, two-item clusters and merging it into larger clusters.

Question 34

Agglomerative monothetic clustering refers to:

Answer 34

Hierarchical cluster analysis

Question 35

What are the advantages of paper prototyping over other methods:

Answer 35

1. Low technology, low cost 2. Can be produced at a very early stage 3. Easy to create, modify, and animate 4. Avoids distraction with superficial detaileg (eg. the button is too larger, blue, etc.) 5. Prevents the "you must be very nearly finished" impressions given by screen mockups. 6. Less initmidating users 7. Appears more malleable than screen mockups

Question 36

What is Goal-Oriented content?

Answer 36

Content that is organized so that users can easily answer frequently asked or important questions.

Question 37

What is an Inverted Pyramid Structure?

Answer 37

The page should be summarized in only a few sentences at the top(broadest base of the pyramid). If this seems to be the right page users can carry on getting more specific detail towards the narrow point of the pyramid.

Question 38

We can use the gestalt principles to group or associate items by?

Answer 38

1. Proximity (The simplest and most effective) 2. Similarity (Can be too subtle; must not use colour alone) 3. Continuity (Is primarily for banners and separators) 4. Closure (popup menus and other windows)

Question 39

What are the four uses of colour?

Answer 39

1. Background 2. Grouping 3. Association 4. Foreground

Question 40

When using a color on the background, it must provide..

Answer 40

must provide a good contrast with the foreground. And preferably should not be patterned.

Question 41

When using colors to group elements, it must be

Answer 41

1. Background color over a limited area and usually much less cluttered than separating lines.

Question 42

Why shouldn't colors be used on its own to convey meaning?

Answer 42

because of color blindness and learning issues

Question 43

Which eight colors are needed in web design?

Answer 43

1. Backgrounds 2. Headings 3. Logo 4. Header/top navigation 5. Menu items 6. Links 7. Text 8. Highlight

Question 44

What are the four rules of form- data entry?

Answer 44

1. Make sure that the "tab" order incorrect. (do not force users to switch between keyboard and mouse) 2. Avoid drop-down lists where typing would be much quicker 3. Establish appropriate format or data and working order by observing and interviewing users 4. Treat user input as valuable and be flexible in its interpretation.

Question 45

How should you deal with user-supplied data in forms?

Answer 45

Treat it as valurable and be flexible in its interpretation