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Earth Science - Fall 2015 > Weathering and Mass Wasting > Flashcards

Weathering and Mass Wasting Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe two types of processes that can wear away rock.

A

External Processes, and Internal Processes

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2
Q

Describe two types of processes that can wear away rock.

A

External Processes, and Internal Processes

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3
Q

List examples of external processes.

A

Weathering, mass wasting, and erosion.

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4
Q

List examples of internal processes.

A

Earths’ surface gradually elevating through plate tectonics, mountain building, and volcanics.

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5
Q

What purpose do internal and external processes have in the rock cycle.

A

They create sediment, which compacts into sedimentary rock.

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6
Q

What is Talus?

A

Weathered Debris

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7
Q

What is mass wasting?

A

The transfer of rock and soil downslope by gravity.

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8
Q

What is weathering?

A

The physical breakdown (disintegration) and chemical alteration (decomposition) of rock at or near Earth’s surface.

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9
Q

What is erosion?

A

The physical removal of material by water, wind, or ice.

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10
Q

What transports sediment?

A

Water, wind and ice.

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11
Q

Describe physical/mechanical weathering.

A

Breaking of rocks into smaller pieces by physical forces. This does not change the chemical composition of the rock.

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12
Q

Describe chemical weathering.

A

Corrosion, chemically altered atoms to form one or more new compounds.

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13
Q

How do Mechanical and Chemical erosion work together?

A

Mechanical erosion breaks a rock up into smaller pieces. The smaller the pieces, the more the surface area it covers is increased. Chemical weathering occurs easier to greater surface areas.

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14
Q

Describe the sizes of sediment and what they are called.

A

> 256mm = boulder, 64-256mm = cobble (gravel), 4-64mm = pebble, 2-4mm = granule, 1/16-2 = sand, 1/256-1/16 = silt (mud),

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15
Q

What size of particle is considered a conglomerate or breccia?

A

64-256mm, cobble.

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16
Q

What size of particle is considered a sandstone?

A

1/16-2mm, sand.

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17
Q

What size of particle is considered a shale, mudstone, or siltstone?

A
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18
Q

What are some types of unloading?

A

Sheeting, and Exfoliation domes.

19
Q

What are Exfoliation domes?

A

Created when the slabs separate and fall off. This creates a dome looking structure.

20
Q

What are Exfoliation domes?

A

Created when the slabs separate and fall off.

21
Q

List examples of external processes.

A

Weathering, mass wasting, and erosion.

22
Q

List examples of internal processes.

A

Earths’ surface gradually elevating through plate tectonics, mountain building, and volcanics.

23
Q

What purpose do internal and external processes have in the rock cycle.

A

They create sediment, which compacts into sedimentary rock.

24
Q

What is Talus?

A

Weathered Debris

25
Q

What is mass wasting?

A

The transfer of rock and soil downslope by gravity.

26
Q

What is weathering?

A

The physical breakdown (disintegration) and chemical alteration (decomposition) of rock at or near Earth’s surface.

27
Q

What is erosion?

A

The physical removal of material by water, wind, or ice.

28
Q

What transports sediment?

A

Water, wind and ice.

29
Q

Describe physical/mechanical weathering.

A

Breaking of rocks into smaller pieces by physical forces. This does not change the chemical composition of the rock.

30
Q

Describe chemical weathering.

A

Corrosion, chemically altered atoms to form one or more new compounds.

31
Q

How do Mechanical and Chemical erosion work together?

A

Mechanical erosion breaks a rock up into smaller pieces. The smaller the pieces, the more the surface area it covers is increased. Chemical weathering occurs easier to greater surface areas.

32
Q

Describe the sizes of sediment and what they are called.

A

> 256mm = boulder, 64-256mm = cobble (gravel), 4-64mm = pebble, 2-4mm = granule, 1/16-2 = sand, 1/256-1/16 = silt (mud),

33
Q

What size of particle is considered a conglomerate or breccia?

A

64-256mm, cobble.

34
Q

What size of particle is considered a sandstone?

A

1/16-2mm, sand.

35
Q

What size of particle is considered a shale, mudstone, or siltstone?

A
36
Q

What are some types of unloading?

A

Sheeting, and Exfoliation domes.

37
Q

What is sheeting?

A

When large masses of igneous rock (like granite) are exposed by erosion and slabs begin to break loose.

38
Q

What are Exfoliation domes?

A

Created when the slabs separate and fall off. This creates a dome looking structure.

39
Q

Describe frost wedging.

A

When water works it’s way into the cracks of a rock and freezes, expanding the cracks and breaking rock off.

40
Q

Where does frost wedging occur?

A

In mountainous regions.

41
Q

What are the large piles of broken rock caused by frost wedging called?

A

Talus Slopes

42
Q

How can glaciers cause mechanical erosion?

A

When a glacier moves, it moves the boulders and talus frozen inside it and underneath it. This grinds rocks against other rock surfaces, creating striations.

43
Q

How does water cause mechanical erosion?

A

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44
Q

page 8

A

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Earth Science - Fall 2015 (9 decks)

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