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KS3 Geography > Weathering and Erosion > Flashcards

Weathering and Erosion Flashcards

1
Q

Why are some beaches rocky?

A

Rocky beaches are made when pebbles and shingle are deposited on the coast. Shingle and pebbles are big and hard to wash back into the ocean, so they build up making short and steep beaches.

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2
Q

What is the primary cause of coastal erosion?

A

Hydraulic and wave action.

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3
Q

What are the three main types of coastal transport?

A

Suspension, saltation, solution, and traction.

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4
Q

What is coastal retreat?

A

Coastal retreat is the landward movement of the shoreline due to erosion.

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5
Q

What are the 4 main types of erosion?

A

Hydraulic action, abrasion, attrition, and solution

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6
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ is the process that removes sediments from one area and deposits them in another.

A

Erosion

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7
Q

What is the primary force behind wave formation?

A

Wind

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8
Q

Multiple Choice: Which type of weathering involves the dissolution of minerals?
A) Physical
B) Chemical
C) Biological
D) Thermal

A

B) Chemical

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9
Q

What are the 2 main types of waves?

A

Constructive and Destructive

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10
Q

What factors influence the rate of erosion?

A

Climate, vegetation, land use, and geology.

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11
Q

What are the effects of climate change on coastal erosion?

A

Climate change can lead to rising sea levels and increased storm intensity, exacerbating coastal erosion.

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12
Q

Why does deposition happen?

A

Deposition happens when constructive waves break on the shore. The sediment being carried by the sea is deposited on the shoreline.

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13
Q

What role do ocean currents play in coastal processes?

A

Ocean currents can transport sediments and influence erosion and deposition patterns.

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14
Q

What is a tombolo?

A

A tombolo is a sandbar that connects an island to the mainland.

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15
Q

What is the role of vegetation in erosion control?

A

Vegetation helps to stabilize soil and reduce the impact of raindrops on the soil surface.

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16
Q

What is the significance of coastal ecosystems?

A

Coastal ecosystems provide habitat, protect shorelines, and support biodiversity.

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17
Q

Fill in the blank: The process of __________ involves the breaking down of rocks into smaller particles.

A

Weathering

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18
Q

Multiple Choice: Which type of erosion involves the wearing away of rocks by ice? A) Glacial erosion
B) Hydraulic action
C) Abrasion
D) Attrition

A

A) Glacial erosion

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19
Q

True or False: Coastal transport only occurs through water movement.

A

False

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20
Q

Multiple Choice: Which process is primarily responsible for shaping coastal landforms? A) Erosion
B) Weathering
C) Deposition
D) All of the above

A

D) All of the above

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21
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of coastal transport? A) Suspension B) Saltation C) Erosion D) Traction

A

C) Erosion

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22
Q

What is weathering?

A

Weathering is the breaking down of rocks and minerals through natural processes.

23
Q

What is the difference between constructive and destructive waves?

A

Constructive waves build up beaches, while destructive waves erode them.

24
Q

What determines the angle at which the swash moves up the beach?

A

Prevailing wind direction

25
Q

True or False: Sand dunes are formed by the accumulation of sand through wind transportation.

26
Q

What is the role of sediment in coastal environments?

A

Sediment helps to build and maintain beaches and other coastal landforms.

27
Q

What is a headland?

A

A headland is a coastal landform that juts out into the sea, formed by erosion.

28
Q

Where will bays form?

A

Bays would form in places where the less resistant rock between bands of more resistant rock gets pushed by the water and gets eroded.

29
Q

What is a delta?

A

A delta is a landform created by the deposition of sediment at the mouth of a river.

30
Q

True or False: The angle of wave approach can affect the direction of sediment transport.

31
Q

What are the two main types of weathering?

A

Physical weathering and chemical weathering.

32
Q

Fill in the blank: The process of __________ can lead to the formation of cliffs along coastlines.

33
Q

What is wave refraction?

A

The bending of waves as they approach the shore at an angle.

34
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ is the movement of sediments from one location to another.

35
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ waves are characterized by a strong backwash.

A

Destructive

36
Q

What is a longshore drift and what does it do?

A

Longshore drift transports material along coastline, causing sediment to repeatedly move and get carried along a beach.

37
Q

What is a sea stack?

A

A sea stack is a vertical column of rock in the sea formed by erosion.

38
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ is the gradual wearing away of land by natural forces.

39
Q

True or False: Wave formation is influenced by wind speed and duration.

40
Q

What are the 3 main types of weathering?

A

Mechanical, Biological, and Chemical

41
Q

True or False: Tides do not affect coastal erosion.

42
Q

True or False: Deposition can occur in both terrestrial and aquatic environments.

43
Q

What are the main agents of erosion?

A

Water, wind, ice, and gravity.

44
Q

What is a barrier island?

A

A barrier island is a coastal landform that runs parallel to the mainland and protects it from wave action.

45
Q

Why are some beaches sandy?

A

Sandy beaches are created by sand being deposited on the shoreline, making them usually very long, wide, and flat because particles of sand are very small and easy to wash back into the ocean with the backwash.

46
Q

Destructive waves have a stronger __________ than ___________, meaning they drag more material away from the coastline than is deposited on the shore.

A

backwash, swash

47
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ refers to the gradual reduction of sediment supply to a coastal area.

A

Sediment starvation

48
Q

What does the term ‘longshore drift’ refer to?

A

The movement of sediments along the coastline due to wave action.

49
Q

What is the difference between mechanical and chemical weathering?

A

Mechanical weathering physically breaks rocks apart, while chemical weathering alters the chemical composition of minerals.

50
Q

What is erosion?

A

Erosion is the process by which soil and rock are removed from the Earth’s surface by wind, water, or ice.

51
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following processes can lead to the formation of a beach? A) Erosion B) Deposition C) Weathering D) All of the above

A

D) All of the above

52
Q

What is deposition?

A

Deposition is the process by which sediments are laid down in new locations.

53
Q

What are the two types of waves that primarily shape coastlines?

A

Destructive waves and constructive waves.

54
Q

True or False: Human activities can accelerate coastal erosion.

KS3 Geography (3 decks)

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