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Sheppard Air ATM Memory Items (Version 48) > Weather Knowledge > Flashcards

Weather Knowledge Flashcards

1
Q

Weather Knowledge: Adiabatic Warming

Adiabatic warming is also described as:

_______________ heating.

A

Weather Knowledge: Adiabatic Warming

Adiabatic warming is also described as:

compresssional heating.

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2
Q

Weather Knowledge: Tropical Cyclones

Gusts in tropical cyclones can exceed the average one-minute wind speed by as much as:

______%

A

Weather Knowledge: Tropical Cyclones

Gusts in tropical cyclones can exceed the average one-minute wind speed by as much as:

50%

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3
Q

Weather Knowledge: (CAT)

Clear air turbulence (CAT) associated with a mountain wave may extend as far as

_______ feet above the tropopause.

A

Weather Knowledge: (CAT)

Clear air turbulence (CAT) associated with a mountain wave may extend as far as

5000 feet above the tropopause.

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4
Q

Weather Knowledge:

Which area or areas of the Northern Hemisphere experience a generally east to west movement of weather systems?

______ and _____.

A

Weather Knowledge:

Which area or areas of the Northern Hemisphere experience a generally east to west movement of weather systems?

Arctic and subtropical.

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5
Q

Weather Knowledge:

Supercooled water droplets have been observed at temperatures as low as:

_____ °C

A

Weather Knowledge:

Supercooled water droplets have been observed at temperatures as low as:

-40 °C

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6
Q

Weather Knowledge:

Chart symbols over So Cal on 12-Hour Signficant Weather (Fig. 151)

Expected ____\_of moderate turbulent layer to be _____\_ feet MSL

A

Weather Knowledge:

Chart symbols over So Cal on 12-Hour Signficant Weather (Fig. 151)

Expected TOP of moderate turbulent layer to be 12,000 feet MSL

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7
Q

Weather Knowledge:

RMK SLP 993 6//// =

A

Weather Knowledge:

RMK SLP 993 6//// =

Sea Level Pressure 999.3 hectopascals and last 3 hrs rain indeterminate

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8
Q

Weather Knowledge:

Squall - sudden increase of at least

____ knots in avg wind speed to a sustained speed of ____ knots

or more for ___ min

A

Weather Knowledge:

Squall - sudden increase of at least

15 knots in avg wind speed to a sustained speed of 20 knots

or more for 1 min

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9
Q

Weather Knowledge:

IFR around Lake Superior etc =

A

Weather Knowledge:

IFR around Lake Superior etc =

Obscured skies and fog

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10
Q

Weather Knowledge:

Continuous Solid Line Enclosing a Shaded Area =

A

Weather Knowledge:

Continuous Solid Line Enclosing a Shaded Area =

All stations are reporting IFR

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11
Q

Weather Knowledge:

Flt from OK to TN =

A

Weather Knowledge:

Flt from OK to TN =

Continuous/sh precip over half the area, mod. turb, frz temp above 10,000 ft

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12
Q

Weather Knowledge:

Arrow A on Radar Summary Chart (RSC)

A

Weather Knowledge:

Arrow A on Radar Summary Chart (RSC)

Heavy to very heavy precip; echo tops to 30,000 ft; thndrstms and rain showers

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13
Q

Weather Knowledge:

Arrow B on Radar Summary Chart (RSC)

A

Weather Knowledge:

Arrow B on Radar Summary Chart (RSC)

Weak to moderate echoes, rain showers increasing in intensity

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14
Q

Weather Knowledge:

Arrow C on Radar Summary Chart (RSC)

A

Weather Knowledge:

Arrow C on Radar Summary Chart (RSC)

Moving NE to 20 kts and heavy to very heavy echoes up to 28,000 ft

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15
Q

Weather Knowledge:

500 mb = _______

300 mb = _______

200 mb = _______

A

Weather Knowledge:

500 mb = FL180

300 mb = FL300

200 mb = FL390

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16
Q

Weather Knowledge:

SIGMETs

Convective SIGMETs are issued for which weather conditions?

________ thunderstorms, ______ ___ thunderstorms, and thunderstorms

with ____ inch hail or ___________.

A

Weather Knowledge:

SIGMETs

Convective SIGMETs are issued for which weather conditions?

Embedded thunderstorms, lines of thunderstorms,

and thunderstorms with 3/4 inch hail or tornadoes.

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17
Q

Weather Knowledge:

SIGMETs

Convective SIGMETs are issued for line of thunderstorms:

____ miles long with thunderstorms affecting ____ percent of its length.

A

Weather Knowledge:

SIGMETs

Convective SIGMETs are issued for line of thunderstorms:

60 miles long with thunderstorms affecting 40 percent of its length.

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18
Q

Weather Knowledge:

SIGMETs

Convective SIGMETs are issued for severe thunderstorms:

occurring for more than ____ minutes of the _____ period.

A

Weather Knowledge:

SIGMETs

Convective SIGMETs are issued for severe thunderstorms:

occurring for more than 30 minutes of the valid period.

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19
Q

Weather Knowledge:

SIGMETs

A SIGMET is issued when weather affects

_____ square miles or more.

A

Weather Knowledge:

SIGMETs

A SIGMET is issued when weather affects

3,000 square miles or more.

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20
Q

Weather Knowledge:

SIGMETs

SIGMETs may be issued for the contiguous U.S.:

as a _________ SIGMET when obscured ____________ are forecast.

A

Weather Knowledge:

SIGMETs

SIGMETs may be issued for the contiguous U.S.:

as a convective SIGMET when obscured thunderstorms are forecast.

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21
Q

Weather Knowledge:

SIGMETs

SIGMETs (other than domestic convective SIGMETs) may be valid for not more than _____ hours of continuing phenomena.

A

Weather Knowledge:

SIGMETs

SIGMETs (other than domestic convective SIGMETs) may be valid for not more than 4 hours of continuing phenomena.

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22
Q

Weather Knowledge:

Microburst

An aircraft that encounters a headwind of 40 knots, within a microbust, may expect a total shear across the microburst of:

______ knots.

A

Weather Knowledge:

Microburst

An aircraft that encounters a headwind of 40 knots, within a microbust, may expect a total shear across the microburst of:

80 knots.

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23
Q

Weather Knowledge:

Microburst

What is the expected duration of an individual microburst?

Seldom longer than ____ minutes from the time the burst strikes the ground until dissipation.

A

Weather Knowledge:

Microburst

What is the expected duration of an individual microburst?

Seldom longer than 15 minutes from the time the burst strikes the ground until dissipation.

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24
Q

Weather Knowledge:

Microburst

Maximum downdrafts in a microbust encounter may be as strong as:

_____ ft/min.

A

Weather Knowledge:

Microburst

Maximum downdrafts in a microbust encounter may be as strong as:

6000 ft/min.

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25
Q

Weather Knowledge:

Jet Stream

Which action is recommended if jetstream turbulence in encountered with a direct headwind or tailwind?

Change ________ or ________ to avoid a possible _________ turbulent area.

A

Weather Knowledge:

Jet Stream

Which action is recommended if jetstream turbulence in encountered with a direct headwind or tailwind?

Change altitude or course to avoid a possible elongated turbulent area.

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26
Q

Weather Knowledge:

Jet Stream

Where is the normal location of the jet stream relative to surface lows and fronts?

The jet stream is located _______ of the _______ ________.

A

Weather Knowledge:

Jet Stream

Where is the normal location of the jet stream relative to surface lows and fronts?

The jet stream is located North of the surface system.

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27
Q

Weather Knowledge:

Jet Stream

An upper level wind cannot be considered a jet stream unless the wind speed is:

at least ____ knots.

A

Weather Knowledge:

Jet Stream

An upper level wind cannot be considered a jet stream unless the wind speed is:

at least 50 knots.

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28
Q

Weather Knowledge:

Jet Stream

Which type of jetstream can be expected to cause the greater turbulence?

A _______ jetstream associated with a _____ _____ pressure trough.

A

Weather Knowledge:

Jet Stream

Which type of jetstream can be expected to cause the greater turbulence?

A curving jetstream associated with a deep low pressure trough.

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29
Q

Weather Knowledge:

Jet Stream

Jet streams are found:

____ the ______.

A

Weather Knowledge:

Jet Stream

Jet streams are found:

near the tropopause.

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30
Q

Weather Knowledge:

Jet Stream

The decrease in wind speed from the core of the jet stream is greatest on the:

________ side of the jet stream.

A

Weather Knowledge:

Jet Stream

The decrease in wind speed from the core of the jet stream is greatest on the:

polar side of the jet stream.

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31
Q

Weather Knowledge:

Wind Shear

A strong wind shear can be expected:

on the ____ ________ side of a ____-knot jetstream core.

A

Weather Knowledge:

Wind Shear

A strong wind shear can be expected:

on the low pressure side of a 100-knot jetstream core.

32
Q

Weather Knowledge:

Wind Shear

Which is a definition of ‘severe wind shear’?

Any rapid change in _____ _______ or _______ which causes airspeed changes greater than _____ knots.

A

Weather Knowledge:

Wind Shear

Which is a definition of ‘severe wind shear’?

Any rapid change in wind direction or velocity which causes airspeed changes greater than 15 knots.

33
Q

Weather Knowledge:

Wind Shear

Doppler wind measurements indicate that the windspeed change change a pilot may expect when flying through the peak intensity of a microburst is approximately

_____ knots.

A

Weather Knowledge:

Wind Shear

Doppler wind measurements indicate that the windspeed change change a pilot may expect when flying through the peak intensity of a microburst is approximately

45 knots.

34
Q

Weather Knowledge:

Wind Shear

Strong shear:

May be encountered up to _____ miles from a _____________.

A

Weather Knowledge:

Wind Shear

Strong shear:

May be encountered up to 20 miles from a thunderstorm.

35
Q

Weather Knowledge:

Wind Shear

The vertical wind shear that is critical for probability of turbulence is:

___ knots or more per _____ feet.

A

Weather Knowledge:

Wind Shear

The vertical wind shear that is critical for probability of turbulence is:

6 knots or more per 1000 feet.

36
Q

Weather Knowledge:

What is the difference between an air mass thundersorm and a steady state thunderstorm?

Air mass thunderstorm downdrafts and precipitation _______ and ______ the updrafts.

A

Weather Knowledge:

What is the difference between an air mass thundersorm and a steady state thunderstorm?

Air mass thunderstorm downdrafts and precipitation retard and reverse the updrafts.

37
Q

Weather Knowledge:

Steady State Thunderstorms are usually associated with:

_________ ________.

A

Weather Knowledge:

Steady State Thunderstorms are usually associated with:

weather systems.

38
Q

Weather Knowledge:

Surface heating can produce:

______ _______ thunderstorms.

A

Weather Knowledge:

Surface heating can produce:

air mass thunderstorms.

39
Q

Weather Knowledge:

Severe Thunderstorm

_____ mph wind and/or ___ in size hail

A

Weather Knowledge:

Severe Thunderstorm =

58 mph wind and/or 1 in size hail

40
Q

Weather Knowledge:

Thunderstorm updrafts:

Updrafts in the mature stage of a thunderstorms can be expected to exceed:

______ feet per minute.

A

Weather Knowledge:

Thunderstorm updrafts:

Updrafts in the mature stage of a thunderstorms can be expected to exceed:

6000 feet per minute.

41
Q

Weather Knowledge:

Thunderstorm downdrafts:

Downdrafts in thunderstorms may exceed:

____ knots.

A

Weather Knowledge:

Thunderstorm downdrafts:

Downdrafts in thunderstorms may exceed:

24 knots.

42
Q

Weather Knowledge:

Thunderstorm downdrafts:

Downdrafts in thunderstorms can be expected to exceed:

______ feet per minute.

A

Weather Knowledge:

Thunderstorm downdrafts:

Downdrafts in thunderstorms can be expected to exceed:

2500 feet per minute.

43
Q

Weather Knowledge:

Summer thunderstorms in the arctic region will generally move:

________ to ________ in polar __________.

A

Weather Knowledge:

Summer thunderstorms in the arctic region will generally move:

northeast to southeast in polar easterlies.

44
Q

Weather Knowledge:

A ‘cyclone’ is similar to a tropical storm in:

the _______ ________ with winds of _____ knots or more.

A

Weather Knowledge:

A ‘cyclone’ is similar to a tropical storm in:

the Indian** **Ocean with winds of 65 knots or more.

45
Q

Weather Knowledge:

Tropical storms form when:

a system has sustained winds of _____ to ______ knots.

A

Weather Knowledge:

Tropical storms form when:

a system has sustained winds of 35 to 64 knots.

46
Q

Weather Knowledge:

Test data indicate that ice, snow or frost having a thickness and roughness similar to medium or coarse sand paper on the leading edge and upper surface of a wing can:

______ lift by as much as ______ percent and

__________ drag by ______ percent.

A

Weather Knowledge:

Test data indicate that ice, snow or frost having a thickness and roughness similar to medium or coarse sand paper on the leading edge and upper surface of a wing can:

Decrease lift by as much as 30 percent and

Increase drag by 40 percent.

47
Q

Weather Knowledge:

You need the most accurate information on current and forecast icing conditions. The best sources are:

________, _______ _________ and _________.

A

Weather Knowledge:

You need the most accurate information on current and forecast icing conditions. The best sources are:

PIREPs, AIRMET Zulus and SIGMETs.

48
Q

Weather Knowledge:

Ice fog forms in conditions favorable to:

__________ _______.

A

Weather Knowledge:

Ice fog forms in conditions favorable to:

radiation fog.

49
Q

Weather Knowledge:

Freezing Rain

You encounter freezing rain at altitude. You know that:

you will find an area of ______ ____ above you.

A

Weather Knowledge:

Freezing Rain

You encounter freezing rain at altitude. You know that:

you will find an area of warmer air above you.

50
Q

Weather Knowledge:

Freezing drizzle often forms by the:

_______-________ process.

A

Weather Knowledge:

Freezing drizzle often forms by the:

collision-coalesence process.

51
Q

Weather Knowledge:

Stratus Clouds

Stratus clouds are known for:

_____ or ____ turbulence with _______ _______ at temperatures _____ or _______ ________.

A

Weather Knowledge:

Stratus Clouds

Stratus clouds are known for:

little or no turbulence with hazardous icing at temperatures near or

below freezing.

52
Q

Weather Knowledge:

When flying in high level cirriform clouds, you know clear air turbulence is:

_______ in the clouds.

A

Weather Knowledge:

When flying in high level cirriform clouds, you know clear air turbulence is:

likely in the clouds.

53
Q

Weather Knowledge:

With high altitude moisture present, cirriform clouds will form

on the _________ side of the jet stream.

A

Weather Knowledge:

With high altitude moisture present, cirriform clouds will form

on the equatorial side of the jet stream.

54
Q

Weather Knowledge:

Low clouds are considered to be clouds from near surface to

______ feet.

A

Weather Knowledge:

Low clouds are considered to be clouds from near surface to

6,500 feet.

55
Q

Weather Knowledge:

Middle Clouds

Middle clouds are considered to be the clouds between:

______ - ______ feet

A

Weather Knowledge:

Middle Clouds

Middle clouds are considered to be the clouds between:

6,500 - 23,000 feet

56
Q

Weather Knowledge:

High clouds are considered to be clouds between:

_______ - _______ feet.

A

Weather Knowledge:

High clouds are considered to be clouds between:

16,500 - 45,000 feet.

57
Q

Weather Knowledge:

U.S. High-Level Significant Weather (SIGWX)

For international oceanic flights, a U.S. High-Level Significant Weather (SIGWX) Chart is prepared for use:

between FL ____ and FL ____.

A

Weather Knowledge:

U.S. High-Level Significant Weather (SIGWX)

For international oceanic flights, a U.S. High-Level Significant Weather (SIGWX) Chart is prepared for use:

between FL 250 and FL 630.

58
Q

Weather Knowledge: Tropopause

What weather feature occurs at altitude levels near the tropopause?

________ winds and ______ wind shear zones.

A

Weather Knowledge: Tropopause

What weather feature occurs at altitude levels near the tropopause?

Maximum winds and narrow wind shear zones.

59
Q

Weather Knowledge: Tropopause

The tropopause varies from:

______ feet at or below the poles to _______ feet at the equator.

A

Weather Knowledge: Tropopause

The tropopause varies from:

20,000 feet at or below the poles to 65,000 feet at the equator.

60
Q

Weather Knowledge: Turbulence

The horizontal wind shear, critical for turbulence (moderate or greater) per 150 miles is:

_______ than _____ knots.

A

Weather Knowledge: Turbulence

The horizontal wind shear, critical for turbulence (moderate or greater) per 150 miles is:

greater than 18 knots.

61
Q

Weather Knowledge: Turbulence (GTG-2 Charts)

Maximum turbulence potential charts (GTG-2) are issued:

___________.

A

Weather Knowledge: Turbulence (GTG-2 Charts)

Maximum turbulence potential charts (GTG-2) are issued:

hourly.

62
Q

Weather Knowledge: Turbulence

For turbulence avoidance, you would do well to avoid areas:

where _________ wind shear exceeds ____ knots per ____ miles.

A

Weather Knowledge: Turbulence

For turbulence avoidance, you would do well to avoid areas:

where horizontal wind shear exceeds 40 knots per 150 miles.

63
Q

Weather Knowledge: CAT

Clear air turbulence (CAT) can be found:

in areas of _________ and _________ wind shear within the ____ _______.

A

Weather Knowledge: CAT

Clear air turbulence (CAT) can be found:

in areas of horizontal and vertical wind shear within the jet stream.

64
Q

Weather Knowledge: CAT

Moderate CAT is considered to be:

when the vertical windsheer is ____ knots per ______ feet or greater, and/or the horizontal windshear is _____ knots per _____ miles or greater.

A

Weather Knowledge: CAT

Moderate CAT is considered to be:

when the vertical windsheer is 5 knots per 1,000 feet or greater, and/or the horizontal windshear is 40 knots per 150 miles or greater.

65
Q

Weather Knowledge: CAT

Under what conditions would clear air turbulence (CAT) most likely be encountered?

When constant pressure charts show ____-knot isotachs less than _____ NM apart.

A

Weather Knowledge: CAT

Under what conditions would clear air turbulence (CAT) most likely be encountered?

When constant pressure charts show 20-knot isotachs less than 150 NM apart.

66
Q

Weather Knowledge:

Storm Gusts

Storm gust fronts often move as much as:

____ miles ahead of the associated precipitation.

A

Weather Knowledge:

Storm Gusts

Storm gust fronts often move as much as:

15 miles ahead of the associated precipitation.

67
Q

Weather Knowledge:

Water Vapor

What is the result when water vapor changes to the liquid state while being lifted in a thunderstorm?

_______ ______ is _______ to the atmosphere.

A

Weather Knowledge:

Water Vapor

What is the result when water vapor changes to the liquid state while being lifted in a thunderstorm?

Latent heat** is **released to the atmosphere.

68
Q

Weather Knowledge:

Unsaturated Air Cooling Rate

What is the approximate rate unsaturated air will cool flowing upslope?

___ °C per 1000 ft.

A

Weather Knowledge:

Unsaturated Air Cooling Rate

What is the approximate rate unsaturated air will cool flowing upslope?

3 °C per 1000 ft.

69
Q

Weather Knowledge:

Saturated Air Vaporization

When saturated air moves downhill, its temperatures increase

at a ________ rate than dry air because _________ uses heat.

A

Weather Knowledge:

Saturated Air Vaporization

When saturated air moves downhill, its temperatures increase

at slower rate than dry air because vaporization uses heat.

70
Q

Weather Knowledge:

Which weather condition is an example of a nonfrontal instability band?

________ _______

A

Weather Knowledge:

Which weather condition is an example of a nonfrontal instability band?

Squall Line

71
Q

Weather Knowledge:

Cold Front

What weather is expected after the passage of a fast-moving cold front?

______ _______ skies, ________ winds and _______ temperatures.

A

Weather Knowledge:

Cold Front

What weather is expected after the passage of a fast-moving cold front?

Rapidly clearing skies, turbulent winds and colder temperatures.

72
Q

Weather Knowledge:

Frontal Waves

In which meteorological conditions can frontal waves and low pressure areas form?

_____-_____ fronts or _________ fronts.

A

Weather Knowledge:

Frontal Waves

In which meteorological conditions can frontal waves and low pressure areas form?

Slow-moving fronts or stationary fronts.

73
Q

Weather Knowledge:

Constant Pressure Analysis Charts contain contours, isotherms, and some contain isotachs. The contours depict:

_______, lows, troughs, and _______ aloft.

A

Weather Knowledge:

Constant Pressure Analysis Charts contain contours, isotherms, and some contain isotachs. The contours depict:

ridges, lows, troughs, and highs aloft.

74
Q

Weather Knowledge:

Dew point fronts result from:

___ ______ differences due to _______ _______.

A

Weather Knowledge:

Dew point fronts result from:

air** **density differences due to humidity levels.

75
Q

Weather Knowledge:

Shallow Frontal Surfaces

Shallow frontal surfaces tend to give:

________ _________ and large ______ ___ __________.

A

Weather Knowledge:

Shallow Frontal Surfaces

Shallow frontal surfaces tend to give:

extensive cloudiness and large areas** **of** **precipitation.

Sheppard Air ATM Memory Items (Version 48) (3 decks)

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