Weather Knowledge Flashcards
Weather Knowledge: Adiabatic Warming
Adiabatic warming is also described as:
_______________ heating.
Weather Knowledge: Adiabatic Warming
Adiabatic warming is also described as:
compresssional heating.
Weather Knowledge: Tropical Cyclones
Gusts in tropical cyclones can exceed the average one-minute wind speed by as much as:
______%
Weather Knowledge: Tropical Cyclones
Gusts in tropical cyclones can exceed the average one-minute wind speed by as much as:
50%
Weather Knowledge: (CAT)
Clear air turbulence (CAT) associated with a mountain wave may extend as far as
_______ feet above the tropopause.
Weather Knowledge: (CAT)
Clear air turbulence (CAT) associated with a mountain wave may extend as far as
5000 feet above the tropopause.
Weather Knowledge:
Which area or areas of the Northern Hemisphere experience a generally east to west movement of weather systems?
______ and _____.
Weather Knowledge:
Which area or areas of the Northern Hemisphere experience a generally east to west movement of weather systems?
Arctic and subtropical.
Weather Knowledge:
Supercooled water droplets have been observed at temperatures as low as:
_____ °C
Weather Knowledge:
Supercooled water droplets have been observed at temperatures as low as:
-40 °C
Weather Knowledge:
Chart symbols over So Cal on 12-Hour Signficant Weather (Fig. 151)
Expected ____\_of moderate turbulent layer to be _____\_ feet MSL
Weather Knowledge:
Chart symbols over So Cal on 12-Hour Signficant Weather (Fig. 151)
Expected TOP of moderate turbulent layer to be 12,000 feet MSL
Weather Knowledge:
RMK SLP 993 6//// =
Weather Knowledge:
RMK SLP 993 6//// =
Sea Level Pressure 999.3 hectopascals and last 3 hrs rain indeterminate
Weather Knowledge:
Squall - sudden increase of at least
____ knots in avg wind speed to a sustained speed of ____ knots
or more for ___ min
Weather Knowledge:
Squall - sudden increase of at least
15 knots in avg wind speed to a sustained speed of 20 knots
or more for 1 min
Weather Knowledge:
IFR around Lake Superior etc =
Weather Knowledge:
IFR around Lake Superior etc =
Obscured skies and fog
Weather Knowledge:
Continuous Solid Line Enclosing a Shaded Area =
Weather Knowledge:
Continuous Solid Line Enclosing a Shaded Area =
All stations are reporting IFR
Weather Knowledge:
Flt from OK to TN =
Weather Knowledge:
Flt from OK to TN =
Continuous/sh precip over half the area, mod. turb, frz temp above 10,000 ft
Weather Knowledge:
Arrow A on Radar Summary Chart (RSC)
Weather Knowledge:
Arrow A on Radar Summary Chart (RSC)
Heavy to very heavy precip; echo tops to 30,000 ft; thndrstms and rain showers
Weather Knowledge:
Arrow B on Radar Summary Chart (RSC)
Weather Knowledge:
Arrow B on Radar Summary Chart (RSC)
Weak to moderate echoes, rain showers increasing in intensity
Weather Knowledge:
Arrow C on Radar Summary Chart (RSC)
Weather Knowledge:
Arrow C on Radar Summary Chart (RSC)
Moving NE to 20 kts and heavy to very heavy echoes up to 28,000 ft
Weather Knowledge:
500 mb = _______
300 mb = _______
200 mb = _______
Weather Knowledge:
500 mb = FL180
300 mb = FL300
200 mb = FL390
Weather Knowledge:
SIGMETs
Convective SIGMETs are issued for which weather conditions?
________ thunderstorms, ______ ___ thunderstorms, and thunderstorms
with ____ inch hail or ___________.
Weather Knowledge:
SIGMETs
Convective SIGMETs are issued for which weather conditions?
Embedded thunderstorms, lines of thunderstorms,
and thunderstorms with 3/4 inch hail or tornadoes.
Weather Knowledge:
SIGMETs
Convective SIGMETs are issued for line of thunderstorms:
____ miles long with thunderstorms affecting ____ percent of its length.
Weather Knowledge:
SIGMETs
Convective SIGMETs are issued for line of thunderstorms:
60 miles long with thunderstorms affecting 40 percent of its length.
Weather Knowledge:
SIGMETs
Convective SIGMETs are issued for severe thunderstorms:
occurring for more than ____ minutes of the _____ period.
Weather Knowledge:
SIGMETs
Convective SIGMETs are issued for severe thunderstorms:
occurring for more than 30 minutes of the valid period.
Weather Knowledge:
SIGMETs
A SIGMET is issued when weather affects
_____ square miles or more.
Weather Knowledge:
SIGMETs
A SIGMET is issued when weather affects
3,000 square miles or more.
Weather Knowledge:
SIGMETs
SIGMETs may be issued for the contiguous U.S.:
as a _________ SIGMET when obscured ____________ are forecast.
Weather Knowledge:
SIGMETs
SIGMETs may be issued for the contiguous U.S.:
as a convective SIGMET when obscured thunderstorms are forecast.
Weather Knowledge:
SIGMETs
SIGMETs (other than domestic convective SIGMETs) may be valid for not more than _____ hours of continuing phenomena.
Weather Knowledge:
SIGMETs
SIGMETs (other than domestic convective SIGMETs) may be valid for not more than 4 hours of continuing phenomena.
Weather Knowledge:
Microburst
An aircraft that encounters a headwind of 40 knots, within a microbust, may expect a total shear across the microburst of:
______ knots.
Weather Knowledge:
Microburst
An aircraft that encounters a headwind of 40 knots, within a microbust, may expect a total shear across the microburst of:
80 knots.
Weather Knowledge:
Microburst
What is the expected duration of an individual microburst?
Seldom longer than ____ minutes from the time the burst strikes the ground until dissipation.
Weather Knowledge:
Microburst
What is the expected duration of an individual microburst?
Seldom longer than 15 minutes from the time the burst strikes the ground until dissipation.
Weather Knowledge:
Microburst
Maximum downdrafts in a microbust encounter may be as strong as:
_____ ft/min.
Weather Knowledge:
Microburst
Maximum downdrafts in a microbust encounter may be as strong as:
6000 ft/min.
Weather Knowledge:
Jet Stream
Which action is recommended if jetstream turbulence in encountered with a direct headwind or tailwind?
Change ________ or ________ to avoid a possible _________ turbulent area.
Weather Knowledge:
Jet Stream
Which action is recommended if jetstream turbulence in encountered with a direct headwind or tailwind?
Change altitude or course to avoid a possible elongated turbulent area.
Weather Knowledge:
Jet Stream
Where is the normal location of the jet stream relative to surface lows and fronts?
The jet stream is located _______ of the _______ ________.
Weather Knowledge:
Jet Stream
Where is the normal location of the jet stream relative to surface lows and fronts?
The jet stream is located North of the surface system.
Weather Knowledge:
Jet Stream
An upper level wind cannot be considered a jet stream unless the wind speed is:
at least ____ knots.
Weather Knowledge:
Jet Stream
An upper level wind cannot be considered a jet stream unless the wind speed is:
at least 50 knots.
Weather Knowledge:
Jet Stream
Which type of jetstream can be expected to cause the greater turbulence?
A _______ jetstream associated with a _____ _____ pressure trough.
Weather Knowledge:
Jet Stream
Which type of jetstream can be expected to cause the greater turbulence?
A curving jetstream associated with a deep low pressure trough.
Weather Knowledge:
Jet Stream
Jet streams are found:
____ the ______.
Weather Knowledge:
Jet Stream
Jet streams are found:
near the tropopause.
Weather Knowledge:
Jet Stream
The decrease in wind speed from the core of the jet stream is greatest on the:
________ side of the jet stream.
Weather Knowledge:
Jet Stream
The decrease in wind speed from the core of the jet stream is greatest on the:
polar side of the jet stream.
Weather Knowledge:
Wind Shear
A strong wind shear can be expected:
on the ____ ________ side of a ____-knot jetstream core.
Weather Knowledge:
Wind Shear
A strong wind shear can be expected:
on the low pressure side of a 100-knot jetstream core.
Weather Knowledge:
Wind Shear
Which is a definition of ‘severe wind shear’?
Any rapid change in _____ _______ or _______ which causes airspeed changes greater than _____ knots.
Weather Knowledge:
Wind Shear
Which is a definition of ‘severe wind shear’?
Any rapid change in wind direction or velocity which causes airspeed changes greater than 15 knots.
Weather Knowledge:
Wind Shear
Doppler wind measurements indicate that the windspeed change change a pilot may expect when flying through the peak intensity of a microburst is approximately
_____ knots.
Weather Knowledge:
Wind Shear
Doppler wind measurements indicate that the windspeed change change a pilot may expect when flying through the peak intensity of a microburst is approximately
45 knots.
Weather Knowledge:
Wind Shear
Strong shear:
May be encountered up to _____ miles from a _____________.
Weather Knowledge:
Wind Shear
Strong shear:
May be encountered up to 20 miles from a thunderstorm.
Weather Knowledge:
Wind Shear
The vertical wind shear that is critical for probability of turbulence is:
___ knots or more per _____ feet.
Weather Knowledge:
Wind Shear
The vertical wind shear that is critical for probability of turbulence is:
6 knots or more per 1000 feet.
Weather Knowledge:
What is the difference between an air mass thundersorm and a steady state thunderstorm?
Air mass thunderstorm downdrafts and precipitation _______ and ______ the updrafts.
Weather Knowledge:
What is the difference between an air mass thundersorm and a steady state thunderstorm?
Air mass thunderstorm downdrafts and precipitation retard and reverse the updrafts.
Weather Knowledge:
Steady State Thunderstorms are usually associated with:
_________ ________.
Weather Knowledge:
Steady State Thunderstorms are usually associated with:
weather systems.
Weather Knowledge:
Surface heating can produce:
______ _______ thunderstorms.
Weather Knowledge:
Surface heating can produce:
air mass thunderstorms.
Weather Knowledge:
Severe Thunderstorm
_____ mph wind and/or ___ in size hail
Weather Knowledge:
Severe Thunderstorm =
58 mph wind and/or 1 in size hail
Weather Knowledge:
Thunderstorm updrafts:
Updrafts in the mature stage of a thunderstorms can be expected to exceed:
______ feet per minute.
Weather Knowledge:
Thunderstorm updrafts:
Updrafts in the mature stage of a thunderstorms can be expected to exceed:
6000 feet per minute.
Weather Knowledge:
Thunderstorm downdrafts:
Downdrafts in thunderstorms may exceed:
____ knots.
Weather Knowledge:
Thunderstorm downdrafts:
Downdrafts in thunderstorms may exceed:
24 knots.
Weather Knowledge:
Thunderstorm downdrafts:
Downdrafts in thunderstorms can be expected to exceed:
______ feet per minute.
Weather Knowledge:
Thunderstorm downdrafts:
Downdrafts in thunderstorms can be expected to exceed:
2500 feet per minute.
Weather Knowledge:
Summer thunderstorms in the arctic region will generally move:
________ to ________ in polar __________.
Weather Knowledge:
Summer thunderstorms in the arctic region will generally move:
northeast to southeast in polar easterlies.
Weather Knowledge:
A ‘cyclone’ is similar to a tropical storm in:
the _______ ________ with winds of _____ knots or more.
Weather Knowledge:
A ‘cyclone’ is similar to a tropical storm in:
the Indian** **Ocean with winds of 65 knots or more.
Weather Knowledge:
Tropical storms form when:
a system has sustained winds of _____ to ______ knots.
Weather Knowledge:
Tropical storms form when:
a system has sustained winds of 35 to 64 knots.
Weather Knowledge:
Test data indicate that ice, snow or frost having a thickness and roughness similar to medium or coarse sand paper on the leading edge and upper surface of a wing can:
______ lift by as much as ______ percent and
__________ drag by ______ percent.
Weather Knowledge:
Test data indicate that ice, snow or frost having a thickness and roughness similar to medium or coarse sand paper on the leading edge and upper surface of a wing can:
Decrease lift by as much as 30 percent and
Increase drag by 40 percent.
Weather Knowledge:
You need the most accurate information on current and forecast icing conditions. The best sources are:
________, _______ _________ and _________.
Weather Knowledge:
You need the most accurate information on current and forecast icing conditions. The best sources are:
PIREPs, AIRMET Zulus and SIGMETs.
Weather Knowledge:
Ice fog forms in conditions favorable to:
__________ _______.
Weather Knowledge:
Ice fog forms in conditions favorable to:
radiation fog.
Weather Knowledge:
Freezing Rain
You encounter freezing rain at altitude. You know that:
you will find an area of ______ ____ above you.
Weather Knowledge:
Freezing Rain
You encounter freezing rain at altitude. You know that:
you will find an area of warmer air above you.
Weather Knowledge:
Freezing drizzle often forms by the:
_______-________ process.
Weather Knowledge:
Freezing drizzle often forms by the:
collision-coalesence process.
Weather Knowledge:
Stratus Clouds
Stratus clouds are known for:
_____ or ____ turbulence with _______ _______ at temperatures _____ or _______ ________.
Weather Knowledge:
Stratus Clouds
Stratus clouds are known for:
little or no turbulence with hazardous icing at temperatures near or
below freezing.
Weather Knowledge:
When flying in high level cirriform clouds, you know clear air turbulence is:
_______ in the clouds.
Weather Knowledge:
When flying in high level cirriform clouds, you know clear air turbulence is:
likely in the clouds.
Weather Knowledge:
With high altitude moisture present, cirriform clouds will form
on the _________ side of the jet stream.
Weather Knowledge:
With high altitude moisture present, cirriform clouds will form
on the equatorial side of the jet stream.
Weather Knowledge:
Low clouds are considered to be clouds from near surface to
______ feet.
Weather Knowledge:
Low clouds are considered to be clouds from near surface to
6,500 feet.
Weather Knowledge:
Middle Clouds
Middle clouds are considered to be the clouds between:
______ - ______ feet
Weather Knowledge:
Middle Clouds
Middle clouds are considered to be the clouds between:
6,500 - 23,000 feet
Weather Knowledge:
High clouds are considered to be clouds between:
_______ - _______ feet.
Weather Knowledge:
High clouds are considered to be clouds between:
16,500 - 45,000 feet.
Weather Knowledge:
U.S. High-Level Significant Weather (SIGWX)
For international oceanic flights, a U.S. High-Level Significant Weather (SIGWX) Chart is prepared for use:
between FL ____ and FL ____.
Weather Knowledge:
U.S. High-Level Significant Weather (SIGWX)
For international oceanic flights, a U.S. High-Level Significant Weather (SIGWX) Chart is prepared for use:
between FL 250 and FL 630.
Weather Knowledge: Tropopause
What weather feature occurs at altitude levels near the tropopause?
________ winds and ______ wind shear zones.
Weather Knowledge: Tropopause
What weather feature occurs at altitude levels near the tropopause?
Maximum winds and narrow wind shear zones.
Weather Knowledge: Tropopause
The tropopause varies from:
______ feet at or below the poles to _______ feet at the equator.
Weather Knowledge: Tropopause
The tropopause varies from:
20,000 feet at or below the poles to 65,000 feet at the equator.
Weather Knowledge: Turbulence
The horizontal wind shear, critical for turbulence (moderate or greater) per 150 miles is:
_______ than _____ knots.
Weather Knowledge: Turbulence
The horizontal wind shear, critical for turbulence (moderate or greater) per 150 miles is:
greater than 18 knots.
Weather Knowledge: Turbulence (GTG-2 Charts)
Maximum turbulence potential charts (GTG-2) are issued:
___________.
Weather Knowledge: Turbulence (GTG-2 Charts)
Maximum turbulence potential charts (GTG-2) are issued:
hourly.
Weather Knowledge: Turbulence
For turbulence avoidance, you would do well to avoid areas:
where _________ wind shear exceeds ____ knots per ____ miles.
Weather Knowledge: Turbulence
For turbulence avoidance, you would do well to avoid areas:
where horizontal wind shear exceeds 40 knots per 150 miles.
Weather Knowledge: CAT
Clear air turbulence (CAT) can be found:
in areas of _________ and _________ wind shear within the ____ _______.
Weather Knowledge: CAT
Clear air turbulence (CAT) can be found:
in areas of horizontal and vertical wind shear within the jet stream.
Weather Knowledge: CAT
Moderate CAT is considered to be:
when the vertical windsheer is ____ knots per ______ feet or greater, and/or the horizontal windshear is _____ knots per _____ miles or greater.
Weather Knowledge: CAT
Moderate CAT is considered to be:
when the vertical windsheer is 5 knots per 1,000 feet or greater, and/or the horizontal windshear is 40 knots per 150 miles or greater.
Weather Knowledge: CAT
Under what conditions would clear air turbulence (CAT) most likely be encountered?
When constant pressure charts show ____-knot isotachs less than _____ NM apart.
Weather Knowledge: CAT
Under what conditions would clear air turbulence (CAT) most likely be encountered?
When constant pressure charts show 20-knot isotachs less than 150 NM apart.
Weather Knowledge:
Storm Gusts
Storm gust fronts often move as much as:
____ miles ahead of the associated precipitation.
Weather Knowledge:
Storm Gusts
Storm gust fronts often move as much as:
15 miles ahead of the associated precipitation.
Weather Knowledge:
Water Vapor
What is the result when water vapor changes to the liquid state while being lifted in a thunderstorm?
_______ ______ is _______ to the atmosphere.
Weather Knowledge:
Water Vapor
What is the result when water vapor changes to the liquid state while being lifted in a thunderstorm?
Latent heat** is **released to the atmosphere.
Weather Knowledge:
Unsaturated Air Cooling Rate
What is the approximate rate unsaturated air will cool flowing upslope?
___ °C per 1000 ft.
Weather Knowledge:
Unsaturated Air Cooling Rate
What is the approximate rate unsaturated air will cool flowing upslope?
3 °C per 1000 ft.
Weather Knowledge:
Saturated Air Vaporization
When saturated air moves downhill, its temperatures increase
at a ________ rate than dry air because _________ uses heat.
Weather Knowledge:
Saturated Air Vaporization
When saturated air moves downhill, its temperatures increase
at slower rate than dry air because vaporization uses heat.
Weather Knowledge:
Which weather condition is an example of a nonfrontal instability band?
________ _______
Weather Knowledge:
Which weather condition is an example of a nonfrontal instability band?
Squall Line
Weather Knowledge:
Cold Front
What weather is expected after the passage of a fast-moving cold front?
______ _______ skies, ________ winds and _______ temperatures.
Weather Knowledge:
Cold Front
What weather is expected after the passage of a fast-moving cold front?
Rapidly clearing skies, turbulent winds and colder temperatures.
Weather Knowledge:
Frontal Waves
In which meteorological conditions can frontal waves and low pressure areas form?
_____-_____ fronts or _________ fronts.
Weather Knowledge:
Frontal Waves
In which meteorological conditions can frontal waves and low pressure areas form?
Slow-moving fronts or stationary fronts.
Weather Knowledge:
Constant Pressure Analysis Charts contain contours, isotherms, and some contain isotachs. The contours depict:
_______, lows, troughs, and _______ aloft.
Weather Knowledge:
Constant Pressure Analysis Charts contain contours, isotherms, and some contain isotachs. The contours depict:
ridges, lows, troughs, and highs aloft.
Weather Knowledge:
Dew point fronts result from:
___ ______ differences due to _______ _______.
Weather Knowledge:
Dew point fronts result from:
air** **density differences due to humidity levels.
Weather Knowledge:
Shallow Frontal Surfaces
Shallow frontal surfaces tend to give:
________ _________ and large ______ ___ __________.
Weather Knowledge:
Shallow Frontal Surfaces
Shallow frontal surfaces tend to give:
extensive cloudiness and large areas** **of** **precipitation.
