Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Geography physical > weather Hazards > Flashcards

weather Hazards Flashcards

1
Q

what is global atmospheric circulation

A

the transfer of heat from the equator to the poles by the movement of air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how does air move

A

moves due to difference in air pressure
wind blows from high to low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the global atmospheric circulation system divided into

A

different cells which each have a low pressure belt and a high pressure belt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the different cells called

A

hadley cell
polar cell
ferrel cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is low pressure

A

warm rising air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is high pressure

A

cool sinking air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how does air move between the different cells

A
  • sun warms earth at equator which makes air rise - low pressure belt
  • as air rises it cools and moves away
  • 30 degrees north and south of equator the cool air sinks creating high pressure
  • at ground surface cool air either moves back to equator as trade winds or towards the poles as westerlies
  • 60 degrees north and south of equator - warmer surface air meet cooler polar air so warm air rises creating low pressure
  • some air moves back to equator some goes towards poles
  • at poles cool air sinks creating high pressure - it is then drawn back to equator
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the coriolis effect

A

when winds curve becuase of the earths rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are westilies

A

air moving towards the poles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are trade winds

A

air moving towards the equator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how does global atmospheric circulation influence weather and climate

A

at equator sun is directly overhead - surfaces receives lots of sun and is hit - warm moist air rises and forms clouds so it rains alot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

where do tropical storms develop

A

between 5 and 30 degrees north or south of the equator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what temperature does the sea have to be for tropical storms

A

27 degrees or higher

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is necessary for tropical storms to form

A

sea temperature 27 degrees of higher
wind shear ( difference in wind speeds)
between higher and lower parts of the atmosphere is low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how do tropical storms form

A
  • the warm surface water evaporates, rises and condenses into clouds.
  • this releases huge amount of energy which creates powerful storms
  • the rising air creates low pressure which increases surface wind
  • the low wind shear prevents the clouds from breaking up as they rise so storm stays intact
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what direction do tropical storms move and why

A

to the west due to the easterly winds near the equator that move the storm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

why do tropical storms spin

A

due to the coriolis effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

why are tropical storms more powerful overthe water

A

the energy from the warm water strengthens the storm, so wind speed increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

why do tropical storms loose energy over cooler water or on land

A

the energy supply from the warm water is cut off

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

when do majority of tropical storms occur in the northern hemisphere

A

from august to october

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

when do majority of tropical storms occur in the southern hemisphere

A

from december to april

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

how long do tropical storms typically last

A

7-14 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what way do tropical storms spin the northern and southern hemisphere

A

north - anticlockwise
south - clockwise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is the centre of a tropical storm called

25
key features of the eye of tropical storms
- up to 50km across - caused by descending air - low pressure - light winds,no clouds,no rain and a high temperature
26
what surrounds the eye in storms
the eye wall
27
key features of the eyewall
- spiraling rising air - very strong winds - storm couds -torrential rain - low temperature
28
what is the storm like on the edges of the storm
- wind speed falls - clouds become smaller and more scattered -rain becomes less intense - temperature increases
29
key information on typhoon haiyan
- 8th novemeber 2013 - phillippines -tacloban + cebu worst affected area - up to 280mm of rain and winds of 314/km/hr - storm surge wave sup to 2.3m
30
what is a storm surge
a temporary rise in sea level caused by a storm driven by strong winds
31
primary effects on typhoon haiyan
-6300 people killed - 1 million homes destroyed - 1.9 million people were made homeless - strong winds damaged electricity - water was contaminated by salt water - heavy rain flooded 600000 hectares of farmland - cost 13US billion
32
what are the secondary effects of typhoon haiyan
- flooding triggered several land slides - blocked roads -5.6 million people lost jobs - lack of clean water caused outbreaks for disease
33
what were the immediate responses of typhoon haiyan
- PAGASA broadcast warnings two days before which led to the evacuation of 800000 residents - fishermen were warned not to go to the sea - declared a state of emergency - led to charities offering aid
34
long term responses for typhoon haiyan
- Un appealed 300 million to help fund rebuilding - charities built new storm resistant houses - tourism board encouraged people to visit as the money from tourism would help rebuild the economy
35
how will climate change affect tropical storms frequency
oceans will stay at 27 or higher for longer so theres longer period for them to form
36
how will climate change affect the distribution of tropical storms
as the sea temperature risies more of the worlds oceans could be above 27 degrees so tropical storms can form in areas that havent experienced them before like high latitudes
37
how will climate change affect the intensity of tropical storms
higher sea surface temperature could result in more evaporation and increased cloud formation so more energy is released - making them more powerful
38
what are the three ways to reduce the effects of tropical storms
prediction and monitoring planning protection
39
how can prediction and monitoring reduce the effects of tropical storms
- storms can be monitered using satellites,radar and aircraft - computer models can be used to calculate the storms predicted path - predicting can give people time to evacuate and protect homes and businesses EXAMPLES: typhoon haiyan prediction helped to decide which areas should be evacuated
40
how can planning reduce the effects of tropical storms
future developments like , new houses that avoid high risk areas governments can plan evacuation routes emergency services can prepare for disaster by practising rescucing people from flooded water EXAMPLE: after haiyan volunteers started rescue simulations
41
how can protection be used to reduce the risks of tropical storms
- buildings can be designed to withstand storms - put on stilits so there safe from flooding - food defences can be built on rivers and coasts - leeves + sea walls EXAMPLE: mangrove forests are being planted in philippines to act as a natural flood defence
42
what are the different types of hazards in the UK
strong winds heavy rain snow and ice drought thunderstorms heat waves
43
what are the impacts of heavy rainfall
- too much rain can cause flooding which can damage homes,distrupt transport and kill people - recovering from flooding can cost millions
43
what are the impacts of strong winds
- damage properties and disrupt transport - uprooted trees and debris can injure or kill people
44
what are the impacts of snow and ice
- cause injuries due to slipping and deaths due to the cold - schools and businesses can be forced to shut,disruption to travel can have economic impacts
45
what are the impacts of drought
water supplies can run low causing economic impacts like crop failures - rules to conserve water have to be introduced
46
what are the impacts of thunderstorms
- heavy rain,strong winds and lighting - lighting cna cause fires which can damage property and the environment, occasionally kill people
47
what are the impacts of heat waves
- during lots of hot weather, pollution builds up which can cause heat exhaustion or breathing difficulties which can kill people
48
when did the somerset levels flooding occur
december 2013 - feb 1014
49
what caused the somerset flooding
prolonged rainfall,high tides and storm surges,rivers not dredged for 20 years and human activites like building on floodplains
50
how many hectares of land were flooded in somerset levels
11,500 hectares
51
what were the enviromental impacts of flooding - somerset
- farmland flooded for over a year - loss of nutrients are fertility - water became contaminated - vegetation damaged
52
what were the social impacts of the flooding - somerset
- 600 homes were flooded - wvillages flooded - major transport links closed - many people were forced to evacuate - insurance prices soared
53
what were th economic impatcs of the flooding - somerset
- 80 million total damage - 12,00 litres of fuel stolen - loss of tourism cost somerset 200 million
54
what happened before the somerset flood to limit its impacts
- met office issued warnings to find emergency accommodation - sand bags and flood boards were used to try and limit damage to homes
55
what is apart of the somerset levels and moors flood action plan
- 100 million was spent of - turning temporary pumping stations into permanent ones - regular dredging of rivers - building a tidal barrage - widening river sowys channel
56
how is the uks temperature becoming more extreme
- ten warmest summers have occured since 2002, - 2018 has been the hottest summer on record - seven of the uks coldest temperatures have occured since 1980, - december 2010 was the coldest month for over 100 years
57

Geography physical (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions