tectonic hazards

Question 1

where do earthquakes occur?

Answer 1

at plate margins

Question 2

why do plates move?

Answer 2

because of convection currents from deep inside earth (heat)

Question 3

what does a constructive plate do?

Answer 3

constructive plates move away from each other and new crust is formed and magma rises

Question 4

why does a destructive plate do?

Answer 4

destructive plates move towards each other and the oceanic plate sub ducts and the continental plate rises

Question 5

where do volcanos occur

Answer 5

volcanoes occur in long belts that follow plate margins

Question 6

at which type of plate margins can magma rise to the surface

Answer 6

• constructive and destructive

Question 7

what is a hot spot

Answer 7

volcanoes have hot spots where crust is thin and magma is able to break through to the surface

Question 8

why do the majority of earthquakes and volcanoes occur at plate margins

Answer 8

they occur at there because the plates are sub ducting,spreading,slipping or colliding as they move they from pressure

Question 9

what is a conservative plate margin?

Answer 9

where two plates are sliding across each other
-causes earthquakes
- no volcanoes because no magma

Question 10

what is magma like at constructive margins?

Answer 10

very hot and fluid and lava will flow a long way before cooling - usually forms shield volcanoes

Question 11

what happens at destructive margins

Answer 11

• where the two plates meet a deep trench is formed.
• friction between the plates causes earthquakes
• the oceanic plate melts as it moves down
• the magma is less fluid
• eruptions are very explosive and violent

Question 12

what happens at a constructive margin?

Answer 12

as the two plates move apart magma forces its way up to the surface along the mid Atlantic ridge
- as it breaks through the overlying crust it causes earthquakes
- on reaching the surface it forms volcanoes

Question 13

what is the key information on the Chile earthquake ( HIC)

• (5 things)

Answer 13

• destructive plate margin
• 27th February 2010
• 8.8 on the Richter scale
• nazca plate beneath the south american plate
• aftershocks

Question 14

what were the primary affects of chile earthquake?
(7 things)

HIC

Answer 14

• 500 killed
• 12000 injured
• 200000 houses destroyed
• 4500 schools
• 53 ports
  -56 hospitals
• cost 30 billion us dollars

Question 15

what were the secondary affects of the Chile earthquake?

Answer 15

• 1500km of roads damaged
• several coastal towns devastated by tsunamis
  -a fire at a chemical plant

Question 16

what were the immediate responses for the Chile earthquake 2010?

Answer 16

• emergency service acted swiftly - international air, field hospitals
• 90% of houses were restored electricity and water within 10 days.
• route 5 was repaired within 24 hours - abled aid to be transported
• a national appeal raised US60 million

Question 17

what were the long term Reponses of the chilli earthquake 2010?

Answer 17

• housing reconstruction plan, plan to help almost 200,000 households.
• president it would take 4 years for chilli to fully recover.

Question 18

name the 3 layers of the earth

Answer 18

the core, the crust and the mantle

Question 19

Tectonic plates move according to the movements below in the _______

Answer 19

mantle

Question 20

where do convection currents happen

Answer 20

in the upper mantle

Question 21

What are the potential products of volcanic eruptions?

Answer 21

• gas
• ash
• lava
• pyroclastic flows

Question 22

what is the key information of the Nepal earthquake 2015

Answer 22

• 25th April 2015
• 7.9 on the richter scale
• destructive plate margin
• the indo Australian plate collides with the Eurasian plate

Question 23

what were the primary affects of the Nepal 2015 earthquakes

Answer 23

• 9000 people died
• 20000 injured
• 3 million people left homeless
• 7000 schools destroyed
• overall cost of US 5 billion
  electricity and water effected

Question 24

what were the secondary effects of the Nepal 2015 earthquake?

Answer 24

• land slides + avalanche causing road blockages
• avalanche in lang tang left 250 people missing
• landslide blocked river causing river to flood making people evacuate

Question 25

what were the intimidate responses of the Nepal earthquake 2015?

Answer 25

• search and rescue
• half a million tents to provide shelter to the homeless
• financial aid
• ## feild hospitals

Question 26

what were the secondary responses of the Chile earthquake 2015?

Answer 26

• roads repaired and landslides cleared
• thousands of homeless people to be rehoused
• 7000 school to be repaired and built
• stricter controls on building codes
• repairs to Everest base camp.

Question 27

what evidence is there that Nepal is poorer than chilli?

Answer 27

the HDI and GDP shows that nepal is lower than chilli in the rankings.

Question 28

why was such a vast area of Nepal effected?

Answer 28

the earthquake in Nepal triggered landslides and avalanches which went on for miles increasing the amount of land that was affected by the earthquake

Question 29

why was there tsunamis in the chilli earthquake?

Answer 29

• the earthquake occurred in the pacific ocean

Question 30

why do people choose to live in hazardous areas?

Answer 30

• poverty
• they might not be aware
• favourable areas ( coasts - ports)
• volcanoes can bring benefits - fertile soil
• earthquakes and volcanoes dont happen often so people do not worry about them

Question 31

how can we reduce the risk of hazards?

Answer 31

• monitoring - scientific equipment to detect warning
• planning - avoiding places at risk
• protection - building that will withstand
• prediction - historical evidence

Question 32

what are some warning signs of volcanoes?

Answer 32

• steam erupting
• heat melts the snow
• gases from the rising magma

Question 33

can we detect and predict volcanoes

Answer 33

no, volcanoes usually come with no warning

Question 34

what are different types of monitoring?

Answer 34

• remote sensing - satellites that detect heat
• seismicity - seismographs