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Geography > Weather, Climate And Natural Environments > Flashcards

Weather, Climate And Natural Environments Flashcards

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1
Q

Define climate

A

The average weather conditions of a place taken over a period of time.

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2
Q

What inside the stevensons screen?

A

Max thermometer
Min thermometer
Wet and dry bulb thermometer

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3
Q

What’s outside the Stevenson screen?

A

Sunshine recorder
Wind vane
Rain gauge
Anemometer

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4
Q

Why is the stevensons screen white and made of wood?

A

White paint reflects off sunlight keeping it cool

Wood isn’t a heat conductor , therefore box remains cool and untouched by heat

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5
Q

Why is the stevensons screen kept 125cm off the ground?

A

Avoid strong temperature from hot ground

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6
Q

Why are they located above grass not concrete?

A

Reduce heat conduction from concrete ground - affects temp recording.

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7
Q

What is a sixs thermometer?

A

An instrument that measures the max and min temperature at the same time

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8
Q

What is humidity?

A

Amount of water vapour held in the air

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9
Q

What increases humidity ?

A

Temperature increase of air

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10
Q

Why is knowing the humidity of air useful?

A

So that forecasters predict when it is going to rain.

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11
Q

What is dew point?

A

The temperature at which air becomes cool and can no longer hold all the water vapour so some of it turns back into water droplets.

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12
Q

What is used to measure precipitation ?

A

Rain gauges

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13
Q

What’s used to measure air pressure

A

Barometers

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14
Q

What records wind direction?

A

Wind vane

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15
Q

How does conventional rain form?

A

Earth surface warmed
Air above heated rises
As rising it cools
Water vapour condenses forming clouds

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16
Q

Where are tropical rainforest found?

A

Between 0-23 north and south of the equator
Sun is directly over the equator -concentrated rays
Very wet there due to hot climate causing conventional rain

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17
Q

How are emergent trees adapted?

A

Can grow to heights of 50m

To reach the light- competition

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18
Q

How are tree trunks adapted?

A

Straight and bran less in efforts to grow tall for light

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19
Q

How are buttress roots adapted?

A

Stand above ground

Gives support for big trees

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20
Q

What are lianas?

A

Vine like plants use the large trees as a support in their efforts to reach the sunlight.

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21
Q

Why do leaves have drip tips?

A

Sheds heavy rainfall

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22
Q

Define desert

A

A desert is an area that receives less than 250mm precipitation in a year.

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23
Q

Give an examples of a hot desert

A

Sahara desert in Africa

24
Q

Where are hot deserts found?

A

Sub tropical and tropical latitudes

25
Q

What are the day and night time temperatures of a hot desert.

A

Daytime-50degrees

Nighttime- below 20 degrees

26
Q

Name the factors that influence the temperature of a tropical desert

A

Influence of latitude on temperature
Influence of altitude on temperature
Influence of distance from the sea on temperature
Influence of cold current on tropical desert temperature
Lack of cloud

27
Q

What factors in brief influence precipitation in a tropical desert?

A

Influence of cold ocean currents in precipitation

Temperature on precipitation

28
Q

Plants are low growing in deserts because..?

A

To avoid water loss by strong winds

29
Q

Some animals can store food and water for days…because??

A

So they can travel far without the need for daily supplies.

30
Q

Animals are often small because..?

A

So there is less water loss from a small SA

31
Q

Plants store water in thick stems because…?

A

To use in dry periods

32
Q

Small animals can hide in burrows or under stones so..?

A

So they can avoid intense daytime heat

33
Q

Some rodents are nocturnal…so?

A

So they can hunt in cooler nights.

34
Q

Plants have roots that travel horizontally to…?

A

To reach the max area for water and to find any surface moisture.

35
Q

Insects and reptiles have waterproof skins, so..?

A

So they can retain water in their bodies.

36
Q

Plants have long roots..?to

A

To reach underground water supplies

37
Q

Plants have small thick leaves or needles to..?

A

Prevent water loss by evapotranspiration.

38
Q

Why do desert living things have sharp spines?

A

To protect it from being eaten by animals

39
Q

Why is desert vegetation sparse?

A

So that they can all compete for water

40
Q

Why are their leaves small ?

A

To reduce transpiration

41
Q

What are desert soils like?

A

Thin and contain very few plant nutrients

42
Q

Why do desert plants have a very short life cycle?

A

The harsh conditions

43
Q

Why do some animals have light coloured fur feathers?

A

To reflect the sun

44
Q

How are hooves useful?

A

Dig in sand for water

45
Q

How can some animals detect water pools?

A

Their nostrils

46
Q

What are the causes of drought?

A

Cloud free skies- high atmospheric pressures
Winds blowing- loss of moisture
Deforestation- more water post , less available for evaporation

47
Q

What are the environmental effects of droughts?

A

Range fires and wildfires
Insect infestation
Wind and water erosion
Damage animal species

48
Q

What are the social effects of drought?

A 
Mental and physical stress
Population migration
Lack of food and drinking water
More poverty
Water conflict 
Public dissatisfaction
49
Q

What are the economic effects of drought?

A

Damage to fish habitat
Damaged crops
Loss of hydroelectric power
Loss of productivity

50
Q

What is a tropical rainforest?

A

A large scale ecosystem with a constant temperature and high rainfall.

51
Q

Give an example of a place specific rainforest

A

Manaus - Brazil amazon rainforest

52
Q

Define weather

A

The day to day conditions if the earths atmosphere

53
Q

What are the short term benefits of clearing the rainforest?

A

Land for agriculture
Jobs in road building, logging farming
Scientific investigating into medicine and new food sources

54
Q

Positive impacts of human intervention

A

Improved transport- new roads and airports - easier to access to raw materials and transport resources away to be sold
Infrastructure - hospitals and education
Raw materials- high demand , sold for high prices abroad
Farming- provides food
Mineral deposits- expensive

55
Q

What are the problems of human intervention in rainforests?

A

New roads divide up connects for systems- eg monkey travelling to gather food
Fertile soils washed away - if soil ends up in rivers - flooding
Loss of animal habitat

Geography (6 decks)

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