Weather And Planning Flashcards
What is ELR?
Environmental Lapse Rate. Rate of change of standard atmosphere at 2 degrees per 1000ft.
What is DALR?
Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rate. 3* per 1000ft.
What is SALR?
Saturated Adiabatic Lapse Rate. 1.5* per 1000ft.
What is a Trough?
A V-shaped extension of a low pressure system. Air flows in to a trough and rises. If air is unstable it will lead to CB’s and TS’s.
What does ISA stand for?
International Standard Atmosphere. (Q1013 and 15*)
What is a pressure altitude?
PA is the ISA height above the 29.92/1013 pressure datum, at which the pressure value experienced represents that of the level under construction.
How does temperature affect the LSS (Local Speed of Sound)?
As the temperature decreases the LSS decreases.
What is an Occluded front?
A combination of both a warm and cold front.
What is Windsheer?
Is the instant change of wind speed and or direction including up and down draughts.
What is a Microburst?
This is a severe down draught usually found beneath CB’s.
What is CAT?
Clear Air Turbulance.
What is the ITCZ?
Inter Tropical Convergence Zone. Converging air masses meet near the thermal equator. It is a low pressure zone. It’s position varies moving north and south with the thermal equator and can produce high levels of thunderstorm activity.
What is ETOPS?
Extended Twin Operations. An operator is granted permission to operate a twin engined aircraft on flights in which the aircraft is more than 60 mins from a suitable alternate in the event that the aircraft suffers an engine failure en route. ETOPS approval of up to 180 mins allows twin engined aircraft to cross most of the pacific and Atlantic Oceans.
What is the lowest usable flight level?
Lowest en route flight level must be at least 500ft above the absolute minimum altitude.
What does it mean if you have a port wind in the Northern Hemisphere?
It means that you are flying toward a low pressure system which results in a descending flight path for a constant altimeter pressure setting.
During what months would you expect fog in Dubai?
November - April.
What months would you cross the ITCZ going to South Africa?
All year round as its stretches across the thermal Equator and only moves slightly north and south with the heat variation.
What months is the Monsoon season in South Asia?
November - February.
What is the local time in Dubai when it is 12 noon in London?
6pm (Dubai is UTC +6)
If an anti-cyclone brings good weather in the southern hemisphere what does it bring in the northern hemisphere?
Also good weather.
An anabatic wind is one which…….
Blows up a steep slope or mountain side. Typically they occur during daytime in calm sunny weather.
Cumulonimbus clouds are more likely to form when? To create a cumulonimbus cloud you need three ingredients…..
A) Plenty of moisture.
B) A mass of warn unstable air.
C) a source of energy to lift the warm moist air mass rapidly upwards.
In the Northern Hemisphere, the diurnal variation of wind at about 2000’ is such that?……
The wind will have an increasing speed and the direction will veer with altitude.
On the Indian subcontinent, the northeasterly monsoon occurs between which months?
June - September.
What does VVxxx mean on a TAF?
Verticle visibility unavailiable.
What does WS stand for?
Windsheer.
What is the cloud ceiling on a TAF based upon?
It is based on AGL.
What is a departure alternate?
A departure alternate (or take-off alternate) shall be selected and specified on the OFP if it is not possible to return to the aerodrome of departure. It shall be located within a distance of the aerodrome of departure equivalent to not more than one hour flight time for a twin engine aircraft operating at the one engine inoperative cruise speed. Must have CAT1 minima or higher (200’ and 550m minimum) for one hour before and one hour after the ETA.
When are two destination alternates required?
At least two destination alternates are required when the appropriate weather forecast for the destination aerodrome or any combination thereof, indicate that during the period commencing one hour before and one hour after the ETA the weather will be below the applicable landing minima, or no weather information is available for the destination aerodrome. Fuel for the furthest aerodrome shall be uplifted.
What are the planning minima?
CAT II and CAT III =. CAT I RVR minima.
CAT I. =. NPA RVR/VIS and ceiling minima.
NPA. =. NPA minima plus 1000m/200’
Circling. =. Circling minima.
What is the lowest RVSM flight level?
FL 290 (east bound)
What is the highest RVSM flight level?
FL 430. (East bound)
What is MEA?
Minimum En Route Altitude. It is the safe altitude within an airway. 5 miles either side of the airway centre line (10 miles wide.
ICAO Holding Speeds?
Up to 14000 ft: 230kts
14000 ft to 20000 ft: 240kts
20000 ft to 34000 ft: 265kts
Above 34000 ft: M0.83
Runway edge lights turning Amber, how many feets remaining?
2000ft
When convective clouds are being incorporated into a layer of stratus, what Phenomenon can we expect?
Embedded thunderstorms
What are the type of clouds that indicate severe turbulence?
Lenticular clouds
Under Rule odd / even flying in the direction 140, which is the highest odd level flying in RVSM airspace?
FL410
According to the rule even / odd, flying in the direction 220 degrees, what is the minimum flight level flying in RVSM airspace?
FL300
With the anti skid inoperative, for any given takeoff weight?
V1 will decrease
What is BC in a metar?
Patches
What is DS in a metar?
Dust storm
What is PL in a metar?
Ice pellets
What is SA in a metar?
Sand
What is SQ in a metar?
Squalls
What is FU in a metar?
Smoke
What is PO in a metar?
Dust devils
What is SS in a metar?
Sand storms
What is IC in a metar?
Ice crystals
What is PR in a metar?
Banks
What is FC in a metar?
Funnel cloud
