weather and climate x Flashcards
what are the elements of the weather?
temperature, rainfall, wind speed, wind direction, cloud cover, visibility, sunshine, air pressure
what is the weather
the day to day conditions of the atmosphere
what is the measuring instrument for temperature
thermometer
what is the measuring instrument for rainfall
rain gauge
what is the measuring instrument for wind speed
anemometer
what is the measuring instrument for wind direction
wind vane
what is the measuring instrument for cloud cover and visibility
observation
what is the measuring instrument for sunshine
sunshine recorder
what is the measuring instrument for air pressure
barometer
what is the unit of measurement for temperature
degrees celsius
what is the unit of measurement for rainfall
millimetres
what is the unit of measurement for wind speed
kmph/ knots
what is the unit of measurement for wind direction
N/S/E/W
what is the unit of measurement for cloud cover
OCTAS
what is the unit of measurement for visibility
metres / kilometres
what is the unit of measurement for sunshine
hours
what is the unit of measurement for air pressure
millibars
what kind of weather is an airline pilot affected by
wind; dangerous landing if taking off
what kind of weather is a pilot affected by
fog; hard to see the runway
what kind of weather is a pilot affected
snow and ice; the runway could be affected
what type of weather is a farmer affected by
rainfall; need rain for crops to grow and animals to drink
what kind of weather is a farmer affected by
snow and frost; dangerous for animals or could damage the crops
what is microclimate
the idea that weather conditions can be very different in one small place due to the physical conditions which exist
why would cities be warmer
heat from buildings and car engines
why would cities be warmer
buildings provide shelter from the wind
why would the rural areas may be cooler
no heat from buildings or cars
why would the rural areas may be cooler
plants soak up moisture so cool it down
why would the rural areas may be cooler
large bodies of water can cool it down
what is air pressure
describing the weight of the air
what is high pressure
heavy sinking air
what kind of weather does high pressure bring
clear, sunny, calm, settled weather
what are the seasons like with high pressure
hot in summer but cold and frosty in wintwrv
what are areas of high pressure called and what way do they move
anti-cyclones and they move clockwise
what is low pressure
lighter rising air
what kind of weather does low pressure bring
cloudy, windy, unsettled weather
what is the weather like with low pressure
cool in summer, mild in winter
what are areas of low pressure called and what way do they move
they are called depressions and anti-clockwise
what is climate
describing the average weather which an area experiences for around 30 years
what is Britain’s climate like
temperate: not too hot or cold with reliable rainfall through the year
are there differences in climate in different parts of britain
yes
what is the weather like in the north wet highlands of scotland
cool and wet
why would the north west highlands be cooler
latitude: further north from the equator
why would the north west highlands be cooler
nearer the atlantic and the westerly winds blow in air that is moist which means cloud and rain
why would the north west highlands be cooler
relief: tall mountains mean colder temperatures and more rainfall
what us the weather like in the south east of britain
warmer, drier weather
why is it warmer in the south west
latitude: nearer the equator by 500 miles
why is it warmer in the south west
further from the atlantic so less winds
why is it warmer in the south west
flatter land, warmer temperatures and less rainfall in the mountains
what is a river like?
A big drain
What happens to the rain which falls on the land?
drains into a nearby river, and is carried to the Sea by the river
what will happen to a river if it fills up too quickly with heavy rain
It will flood
what makes flooding more likely
heavy and prolonged rainfall
what makes flooding more likely
land around the river has few trees to soak up the rain.
what makes flooding more likely
if the land is already wet. it can’t soak up any more rain
what makes flooding more likely
If the weather is full of sand or rubbish, and there is a blockage made
