Weather And Climate Geography Flashcards
What is the definition of climate?
Climate is the long-term average of weather patterns in a specific area over a significant period.
What is the primary difference between weather and climate?
Weather refers to short-term atmospheric conditions, while climate refers to long-term patterns.
True or False: Climate can change over time.
True
Fill in the blank: The ________ is the layer of gases surrounding the Earth that influences weather and climate.
atmosphere
What are the main components of the Earth’s climate system?
The main components are the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, biosphere, and cryosphere.
What is a microclimate?
A microclimate is a small, localized area with distinct climate conditions differing from the surrounding area.
Which factor does NOT influence climate?
Ocean currents, altitude, and vegetation all influence climate; geographical location does not directly influence climate.
What is the role of the greenhouse effect in climate?
The greenhouse effect traps heat in the atmosphere, maintaining Earth’s temperature and supporting life.
What are the main greenhouse gases?
The main greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and water vapor.
True or False: Latitude affects climate zones.
True
What is the Köppen climate classification system?
The Köppen climate classification system categorizes the world’s climates based on temperature and precipitation patterns.
Which climate zone is characterized by high temperatures and high humidity year-round?
Tropical climate zone.
What is an example of a polar climate characteristic?
Polar climates are characterized by extremely low temperatures and minimal precipitation.
Fill in the blank: The ________ current is a major ocean current that influences climate in Europe.
Gulf Stream
What is a rain shadow effect?
The rain shadow effect occurs when mountains block moisture-laden winds, causing one side to be wet and the other dry.
What is the main cause of seasons on Earth?
The tilt of the Earth’s axis as it orbits the sun causes the seasons.
What climatic phenomenon is characterized by a periodic warming of sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean?
El Niño.
True or False: Climate change only affects temperature.
False
What is the primary cause of current climate change?
Human activities, particularly the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation, are the primary causes.
What is the term for the long-term average weather patterns in a specific region?
Climate.
Which type of climate is characterized by low precipitation and extreme temperature variations?
Desert climate.
What is a biome?
A biome is a large ecological area on Earth’s surface with distinct plant and animal groups adapted to its environment.
Fill in the blank: The ________ climate zone is known for having four distinct seasons.
Temperate
What type of climate typically has high rainfall, dense vegetation, and is found near the equator?
Tropical rainforest climate.
