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Private Written > Weather > Flashcards

Weather Flashcards

1
Q

Every physical process of weather is the result of —-

A

Heat exchange

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2
Q

What causes differences in pressure and altimeter settings?

A

Unequal heating of the earths surface

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3
Q

What is the Coriolis force?

A

Deflects winds to the right in the Northern Hemisphere

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4
Q

Wind at 5000 agl is southwest while surface wind is south. This difference in direction is primarily due to—

A

Friction between the wind and the surface

( the Coriolis force at the surface is weaker than at higher altitudes)

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5
Q

A front is a —— separating …

A

Boundary

High pressure from low pressure

(The 2 air masses have different density)

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6
Q

There is always a ——- when flying across a front, but the most recognizable change is —-

A

Change in wind direction

Change in temperature

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7
Q

3 stages of a thunderstorm:

A

Cumulus -building
Mature- the beginning of rain
Dissipating- rains itself out

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8
Q

The greatest intensity of up/down drafts during a thunderstorm is

A

During the mature stage.

(The falling rain or hail creates strong downdrafts that spread out along the surface as cool gusty air)

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9
Q

Thunderstorms are produced by —- clouds

A

Cumulonimbus clouds

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10
Q

Under the anvil of a thunderstorm is usually …

A

Extreme Clear air turbulence
and hail

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11
Q

What is a squall line?

A

Non frontal
Band of thunderstorms
Ahead of a cold front

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12
Q

A thunderstorm by definition has —-

A

Lightening

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13
Q

What is structural icing

A

Ice that quickly coats the airplane surface

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14
Q

2 conditions required for structural icing:

A

1- visible moisture
2- temp at or below freezing

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15
Q

What causes the greatest accumulation of structural icing?

A

Freezing rain

(Freezing rain is super cooled water droplet that has not yet frozen. It freezes when in contact with a surface (wing) temp of 0c or below)

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16
Q

As freezing rain droplets at high altitudes begin to freeze,
they fall as what?

A

They fall as ice pellets

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17
Q

What kind of clouds are usually found on the leeward side of mountains?

A

Lenticular

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18
Q

2 aspects about Lenticular clouds …

A

They appear stationary
May contain wind 50 kts or more

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19
Q

Wind blowing ACROSS a mountain ridge usually produce

A

Mountain wave turbulence

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20
Q

3 times to expect wind sheer:

A

1- low level temp inversion
2- along frontal zones
3- clear air turbulence

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21
Q

When temp/dew point are within 5 degrees F, expect

A

Fog

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22
Q

Define dew point

A

The temp at which the air has 100% humidity

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23
Q

What determines how much water vapor can be held by the air?

A

Temperature

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24
Q

When does frost occur?

A

When the collecting surface temp is at or below dew point and dew point is below freezing

25
Q

The direct conversion of water vapor to ice crystals (frost) is referred to as

A

Deposition

26
Q

Water vapor becomes fog, clouds, or dew when

A

The water condenses

27
Q

What is evaporation?

A

Process of converting liquid to vapor

28
Q

What is sublimation?

A

Process of directly converting solid (like dry ice) to vapor

29
Q

2 processes that add moisture to the air

A

Evaporation
Sublimation

30
Q

What type of fog might occur during periods of clear sky, no wind, small temp/dew point spread

A

Radiation fog

31
Q

What type of fog might occur as warm moist air moves over colder surface?

A

Advection fog

Warm moving over cold =
Advection

32
Q

Cold air moving over warm water might produce what kind of fog?

A

Steam Fog

33
Q

Warm rain falling through colder air produces what kind of fog?

A

Precipitation fog

34
Q

Upsloping fog is produced when

A

Warm moist air is cooled as it is pushed up sloping terrain

35
Q

The greatest turbulence is in —- clouds

A

Cumulonimbus

36
Q

Stable air characteristics

A

Straight layered clouds
Smooth air
Poor visibility
Continuous rain
Cool/dry air

37
Q

Unstable air characteristics

A

Vertical clouds (Cumuliform)
Rough air
Good vis
Scattered showers
Warm/humid air

38
Q

Turbulence and clouds with extensive vertical development result when…

A

Unstable air rises

39
Q

As a warm front approaches, (i.e. warm air cooled from cooler air below ) weather prior to frontal passage results in…

A

Stable air
Stratified (straight) clouds
No turbulence

40
Q

What type weather conditions usually found beneath low-level temp inversion

A

Smooth air
Poor visibility

41
Q

3 types of FSS weather briefings:

A

1- outlook- 6 hrs or more before flight
2- standard- before
3- abbreviated- to update a previous briefing

42
Q

METAR- provide weather for what area?

A

Airfield and 5 mi radius

43
Q

METAR- when issued

A

about 55 min past every hour

44
Q

Wind reports are given in which: (true, magnetic,)

A

True

45
Q

AWOS (automated weather observing system) updated when?

A

Once per minute

46
Q

ASOS (automated surface observing system) is updated how often?

A

Hourly and is monitored by ATC

47
Q

TAF (terminal airport forecast) is a forecast for what area?

A

Airport and 5 mi radius

48
Q

How often is a TAF issued?

A

Every 6 hours (00z, 06z, 12z, 18z)

49
Q

Inflight weather can be obtained on what frequency?

A

122.2

50
Q

In a wind aloft forecast, if the wind speed is coded “9900” that means….

A

Winds are light and variable

51
Q

In a winds aloft forecast, if the wind speed is over 100 kts, how does one decode? Example: “730649”

A

Subtract 50 from the first two #’s. to get direction

Add 100 to the next 2 #’s to get speed.

The last 2 #’s tell temp. Ever temp above 24,000 is negative.

In the example, (73-50) = 230*
(100 + 06 = 106 kts

52
Q

SIGMET’S are for

A

All aircraft to inform of
CAT and/or
severe icing
not associated with thunderstorms

53
Q

CONVECTIVE SIGMET’S include

A

Thunderstorm, embedded thunderstorms, Hail

54
Q

For aviation purposes, a ceiling refers to …

A

The lowest BROKEN layer of clouds

55
Q

Radar weather reports are of special interest to pilots because they indicate…

A

Location of precipitation and type,

Intensity ,

And cell movement of precip

56
Q

Significant Weather Prognostic charts are best used for…

A

Determining areas to avoid ( freezing levels and turbulence)

57
Q

What weather conditions define MVFR?

A

Ceiling: between 1-3 thousand
Vis: between 3-5 statute mi

58
Q

What weather conditions define VFR

A

Ceiling > 3,000 agl
Vis > 5 statute mi

59
Q

METAR and TAF reports cloud ceilings as (agl or msl)?

A

AGL

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