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Part 107 Drone > Weather > Flashcards

Weather Flashcards

1
Q

Temperature Inversion

A

Warm air on top of cold air.

Fog, haze, low clouds, poor visibility, but smooth air.

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2
Q

Moist Unstable Air

A

Turbulence, showery precipitation (because the air is unstable.

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3
Q

Stable Air

A

Smooth air, poor visibility, and steady (not showery) precipitation (because stable air is usually humid).

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4
Q

Unstable Air

A

Intermittent precipitation

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5
Q

Cool + Dry

A

Stable

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6
Q

Hot + Humid

A

Unstable

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7
Q

High Density Altitude

A

Just means “High Altitude”.

Air is thinner, so lift is decreased.

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8
Q

Nimbus

A

Rain Cloud

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9
Q

METAR Reports

A

A format for reporting weather information.

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10
Q

METAR

A

Type of report

hourly or special unscheduled

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11
Q

KABC

A 
Station Identifier 
(four alphabetic characters)
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12
Q

121755Z

A

Date/Time
(universal time clock with 24 hour clock)

Two digit date
Four digit time
Always appended with a Z

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13
Q

AUTO

A

Report modifier

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14
Q

21016G24KT 180V240

A

Wind direction and speed

210 (direction in tens of degrees)
16 (speed in whole knots)
G24KT (Gusts follows by maximum speed-appended by KT to indicate knots)

180V240 (added only if direction varies by 60 degrees or more with a V representing Variable wind direction.

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15
Q

2SM

A

Visibility

Prevailing visibility in statute miles and fractions (with a space between whole miles and fractions)

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16
Q

R11/P6000FT

A

Runway Visual Range

R11 (RVR in hundred of feet)
P6000FT (reported if prevailing visibility is ≤ one mile or RVR ≤ 6000 feet)

Always appended with FT to indicate feet.

Value prefixed with M or P to indicate value is lower or higher than RVR value.

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17
Q

BKN015 OVC025

A

Sky Conditions

(Cloud amount and height) BKN015
CLR- no clouds detected below 12000ft
FEW- a few clouds
SCT- scattered clouds
BKN- broken clouds
OVC- overcast
Followed by three digit height in hundreds of feet

(Vertical Visibility) VV followed by height for indefinite ceiling

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18
Q

06/04

A

Temperature/Dew Point

Each is reported in whole degrees Celsius using two digits

Subzero values are prefixed with a M for minus

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19
Q

A2990

A

Altimeter

Always prefixed with an A indicating inches of Mercury

Reported using four digits (tens, units, tenths, hundredths)

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20
Q

18004KT

A

Wind is 180 degree at 4 Knots.

The first three digits (180) are the compass heading.

The last two digits are the wind speed.

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21
Q

Compass Headings

A

Are always relative to True North in print, not magnetic north.

If it’s in print It is True North

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22
Q

OVC007

A

Sky is overcast at 700 feet.

Remember #’s are always in hundreds.

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23
Q

1 1/2SM

A

Visibility is 1 1/2 statute miles SM

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24
Q

BLPY

A

Blowing Spray

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25
Q

BR

A

Mist

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26
Q

DS

A

Dust Storm

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27
Q

DU

A

Widespread Dust

28
Q

DZ

A

Drizzle

29
Q

FC

A

Funnel Cloud

30
Q

+FC

A

Tornado / Water Spout

31
Q

FG

A

Fog

32
Q

FU

A

Smoke

33
Q

GR

A

Hail

34
Q

GS

A

Small Hail / Snow Pellets

35
Q

HZ

A

Haze

36
Q

IC

A

Ice Crystals

37
Q

PL

A

Ice Pellets

38
Q

PO

A

Dust / Sand Whirls

39
Q

RA

A

Rain

40
Q

SA

A

Sand

41
Q

SG

A

Snow Grains

42
Q

SN

A

Snow

43
Q

SQ

A

Squall

44
Q

SS

A

Sandstorm

45
Q

UP

A

Unknown Precipitation

46
Q

VA

A

Volcanic Ash

47
Q

During the life cycle of a thunderstorm, which stage is characterized predominantly by downdrafts?

A

Dissipating

48
Q

Clouds, fog, or dew will always form when?

A

Water vapor condenses or sublimates on condensation nuclei, liquid or ice particles began to grow.

49
Q

A no frontal, narrow band of active thunderstorms that often develop ahead of a cold front is known as a…

A

A squall Line

50
Q

Which weather phenomenon is always associated with a thunderstorm?

A

Lightning and thunder

A local storm invariably produced by a cumulonimbus cloud, and is always accompanied by lightning and thunder.

51
Q

What will a convective SIGMET be issued for?

A

The forecast may be issued for severe thunderstorms due to:

  1. Surface winds greater than 50 knots
  2. Hail at the surface grater than 3/4” diameter
  3. Tornados, embedded thunderstorms, lines of thunderstorms
52
Q

ASOS is designed to support?

A

Aviation operations and weather forecast by providing continuous observations. The ASOS is used to generate a METAR.

53
Q

Every physical process of weather is accompanied by or the result of?

A

Unequal heating of the Earths surface

54
Q

What are the characteristics of stable air?

A

Characteristics of a stable air mass include:

  1. Stratiform clouds and fog
  2. Continuous precipitation
  3. Smooth air
  4. Fair to Poor visibility in haze and smoke
55
Q

What measurement can be used to determine the stability of the atmosphere?

A

The difference between the existing lapse rate of a given mass of air and the adiabatic rates of cooling in upward moving air determines if the air is stable or unstable.

56
Q

What area would a remote PIC expect to find the highest amount of thermal currents in normal conditions?

A

Thermals will occur in Dry Areas rather than moist areas (including woods or forests which hold large amounts of moisture in the foliage)

57
Q

With a strong steady wind, what would be a concern?

A

Flight in turbulent conditions may:

  1. Consume more power to maintain position of sUAS
  2. Performance may no be adequate to counter wind making it impossible to recover the sUAS
58
Q

What is the expected duration of an individual microburst?

A

A Microburst will seldom last longer than 15 minutes

59
Q

In which situation is Advection Fog most likely to form?

A

When moist air moves over colder ground or water.

This type of fog is common along coastal areas.

60
Q

What conditions are necessary for the formation of thunderstorms?

A

The air must have:

  1. Sufficient water vapor
  2. An unstable lapse rate
  3. An initial upward boost (Lifting) to start the storm process in motion
61
Q

What is considered the MOST hazardous condition when flying an sUAS in the vicinity of thunderstorms?

A

Lightning

62
Q

What would decrease the stability of an air mass?

A

Surface heating, cooling aloft, converging or upslope winds, or an invading mass of colder air may lead to instability and cumuliform clouds.

63
Q

The development of thermals depends upon?

A

Thermals are updrafts in convective currents dependent on solar heating.

64
Q

A temperature inversion results in?

A

Stable air with little, if any convective activity.

65
Q

What weather provides the best flying conditions?

A

Cool, Dry air is very stable and resists vertical movement, which leads to good clear weather

66
Q

What is the standard temperature value for sea level?

A

15°C

67
Q

What is the standard pressure value for sea level?

A

29.92 “Hg

Part 107 Drone (5 decks)

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