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Swine Production Exam 3 > Weaning Systems > Flashcards

Weaning Systems Flashcards

0
Q

Examples of pig-to-pig disease transfer:

A
  • Sow to piglet
  • Nursery to piglet
  • Grow/finish to nursery
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1
Q

Primary mode of disease transfer is…

A

Pig-to-pig

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2
Q

Pigs weaned _____ generally have antibody protection from COLOSTRUM.

A

< 21 days of age

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3
Q

Name the 3 types of Early Weaning Systems:

A
  1. ) Segregated Early Weaning (SEW)
  2. ) Medicated Early Weaning (MEW)
  3. ) Specific Pathogen Free (SPF)
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4
Q

Name 5 benefits of early weaning

A
  1. ) Reduces production losses caused by disease
  2. ) Reduces medication costs
  3. ) Maximum potential for lean growth
  4. ) Increases pigs/female/year
  5. ) Reduces need for total depopulation of herds
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5
Q

Name 5 drawbacks of early weaning

A
  1. ) Weaning to 1st service interval often increases *
  2. ) Farrowing rates may be reduced *
  3. ) Subsequent total pigs born may be reduced *
    • Greatest impact weaning age of 14 d or less
  4. ) Expense of moving animals
  5. ) Modified nursery equipment and expensive feed
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6
Q

SEW Weaning age < 21 d

A
  • Pigs have high levels of antibodies from colostrum

- Protected from infectious agents carried by their dams

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7
Q

SEW Weaning age varies for specific diseases:

A

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae < 21 d
TGE < 10 d
PRRS < 10 d

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8
Q

Segregating prevents _____ of infectious diseases.

A

Vertical transmission

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9
Q

Two methods of segregation of pigs:

A
  • Transport piglets from farrowing site to another facility

- Moving sows to breeding/gestation facility and leaving piglets where they were born

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10
Q

SPF

A
  • Pigs free from a certain disease at birth

- An expensive method to replace foundation stock

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11
Q

SPF Diseases

A 
Enzootic pnemonia
Infectious rhinitis
Pseudorabies
Brucellosis
Leptospirosis
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12
Q

Primary SPF herds are used to…

A

Supply multiplying herds

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13
Q

In SPF, new bloodlines are introduced via…

A

ET or AI

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14
Q

In primary SPF herds, pigs are born via..

A

C-section - 2-4 days before due date

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15
Q

In primary SPF herds, piglets nurse from _____ on the farm they will be going to. This allows for pigs to get _____ and increase their _____.

A

Nurse from synchronized foster sows

-To get antibodies and increase survival rates

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16
Q

In primary SPF herds, some piglets are…

A

Reared artificially or

Introduced to farms

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17
Q

In secondary SPF herds, they

A

Raise breeding stock for commercial producers

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18
Q

In secondary SPF herds, offspring are born..

A

Naturally

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19
Q

In secondary SPF herds, there are frequent..

A

Checks for presence of specific pathogens

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20
Q

When pigs in the nursery are healthy, this sets the stage for overall production efficiency, including:

A
  • Feed intake
  • Feed efficiency
  • Growth rate
  • Mortality rate
  • Morbidity
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21
Q

What is the most common way to sort pigs?

A

Grouping by weight

22
Q

Why is grouping by weight the most common method?

A
  • Most efficient
  • Makes diet switching easier
  • Social order established quicker
23
Q

Pigs < 21 d of age will not benefit from _____.

A

Creep feeding

24
Q

As age of weaning decreases, the cost of feed and labor _____.

A

Increases

25
Q

Feeding weaned pigs - what is generally added?

A

Preventative medication

26
Q

Weaned pigs are fed by..

A

On a feeding board

27
Q

1st 60-h post-weaning

A

Gruel of diet and water

Teaching pigs how to eat

28
Q

Identify pigs that are are not eating based on:

A
  • Fuzzy hair coat
  • Sunken abdomen
  • Sunken eyes
29
Q

Place pigs near the feeder to…

A

Associate the food in mouth with grain in the feeder

30
Q

1st 5 days…

A

All pigs try to eat at the same time; place feed on feeding board to provide ample space

31
Q

Pellet or crumble - Pigs will…. This limits _____ and _____.

A

Take mouthful of feed to resting area and allow saliva to soften before swallowing.
This limits feed intake and increases feed wastage

32
Q

Nursery diet: Digestion enzymes

A

Lactase
Amylase
The ingredients included in diets are highly dependent on the age of pigs

33
Q

Lactase

A

Digestion of milk carbs

-Higher at birth, peaks at 2-3 weeks and then declines

34
Q

Amylase

A

Digestion of carbs in cereal grains

-Lower at birth, increases with age

35
Q

Nursery Protein Sources: High-quality protein

A

High-quality protein

-Smooth transition from milk to solid feed, minimize post-weaning growth lag

36
Q

Nursery Protein Sources:

A

Dried skim milk: highly digestible, balanced AAs - feed 1-2 weeks post-weaning

  • Spray Dried Plasma Protein (High in protein and lysine)
  • Spray Dried Egg Protein
  • Spray Dried Blood Meal (deficient in methionine)
  • Fish meal
  • SBM
37
Q

_____ pigs cannot break down the protein and carbohydrates

A

3-week old pigs

38
Q

Protein in pigs that cannot break down causes…

A

Severe damage to lining of the intestinal tract

 - Lowers digestion and absorption
 - Raises susceptibility to enterotoxins
39
Q

Nursery carbohydrates: Initial diets should contain _____ lactose.

A

15-25% lactose (transition from milk)

40
Q

Nursery Carb examples:

A

Dried Whey and Corn

-Some studies suggest further processed out products rather than corn for easier digestion

41
Q

Weaned Pig Comfort:

A
  • Comfort mats

- made of wood, rubber, etc.

42
Q

Comfort mats prevent _____

A

Drafts

43
Q

Comfort mats provide areas for…

A

Sleeping/laying and Floor feeding

44
Q

Comfort also includes…

A

Zone heating: heat lamps, radiant gas heaters

45
Q

6 sources of stress

A
  1. ) Removal from mother
  2. ) Change in form, consistency, frequency of meals
  3. ) Change in environment
  4. ) Mixing of litters
  5. ) Establishment of new social orders
  6. ) Weak immune response
46
Q

Colostrum immunity is low _____ and pig’s natural immunity is _____.

A

Post 21-d age

Natural immunity is not fully functional

47
Q

6 ways to reduce stress

A
  1. ) Clean, dry environment
  2. ) Pens sorted by size or 2-3 intact litters
  3. ) Avoid overcrowding
  4. ) Monitoring ventilation rates
  5. ) Access to clean, fresh water
  6. ) Identify, treat and remove sick pigs
48
Q

Common stress-induced problems:

A

Tail biting and naval sucking

49
Q

Sorting by weight can _____ the # of incidences of stress-induced problems.
What other two solutions can be attempted to reduce stress problems?

A

Decrease

50
Q

What other two solutions can be attempted to reduce stress problems?

A
  1. ) Proper tail clipping
  2. ) Removal to a separate pen is often the best option
    • Biter or victim
51
Q

Observation of comfort: When pigs are piled up on one another, they are…

A

Cold

52
Q

Observation of comfort: When pigs are spaced out with some touching…

A

Comfortable

53
Q

Observation of comfort: When pigs are spread out with no touching…

A

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Swine Production Exam 3 (6 decks)

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