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Swine Production Exam 3 > Sow Turnover > Flashcards

Sow Turnover Flashcards

1
Q

Culling rate: % of all sows

A

53.55%

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2
Q

Death loss average

A

7.8%

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3
Q

Average parity at culling =

A

3.8

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4
Q

Sows must reach _____ to realize full economic potential.

A

4th parity

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5
Q

Why is longevity a concern? Performance differences:

A

born alive
Litter weaning weight
Grow-finish performance

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6
Q

Why is longevity a concern? 3 other reason

A

Introduction of new stock
Associated costs
Welfare issues

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7
Q

Voluntary reasons for culling

A

Litter size and disposition

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8
Q

Involuntary reasons for culling

A

Lameness and reproductive performance

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9
Q

5 Reasons for Culling

A
  1. ) Reproductive performance
  2. ) Poor performance
  3. ) Structure/conformation
  4. ) Disease
  5. ) Other: age, size, temperment
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10
Q

What is the % culled for reproductive failure?

A

30-35%

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11
Q

What is the % culled for old age?

A

15-20%

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12
Q

What is the % culled for performance?

A

15-20%

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13
Q

What is the % culled for feet/leg problems?

A

10-15%

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14
Q

What is the % culled for death?

A

5-10%

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15
Q

What is the % culled for other reasons?

A

5-10%

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16
Q

What is the % culled for post–farrowing problems?

A

3-5%

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17
Q

Majority of sows are culled because of _____.

A

Failure to conceive and failure to exhibit standing heat and abortion

18
Q

Diet additions can help reproductive problems:

A

Choline and Folic acid

19
Q

Choline may result in…

A

An extra pig born/litter

20
Q

Folic acid increases…

A

pigs born alive by 1 pig/litter

21
Q

Lameness: University of Minnesota estimated that each case of lameness adds…

A

$180/sow

22
Q

What increases with lameness and why?

A

Crushing of young because sows that are lame want to lay down more

23
Q

Inflammation affects parturitioning of nutrients _____ the immune system and _____ production.

A

Towards immune system

Away from production

24
Q

Types of hoof issues (5)

A 
Heel and sole cracks
Overgrown heels
Uneven toes
Wall cracks
Overgrown toes
25
Q

Diet additions to help lameness:

A

Biotin

Copper, Zinc, Manganese, AA

26
Q

Biotin decreases _____.

A

Foot lesions and toe cracks

27
Q

Copper, Zinc, Manganese and AAs added to diet decrease

A

Cull rate of gilts and young sows due to lameness and reproductive failure

28
Q

There is cost associated with sow mortality: Examples

A

Replacement gilts

Death during gestation = loss of potential pigs

29
Q

Major causes of sow mortality:

A

Replacement gilts rushed into breeding

Keeping sows past their prime

30
Q

Lame sows have _____ risk of dying.

A

40% increased risk

31
Q

More sows die during the months of _____ due to _____.

A

June-September: heat

32
Q

_____ parity sows are more likely to die.

A

First

33
Q

Sows that give birth to _____ have a higher risk of death.

A

Stillborn pigs

34
Q

_____ sows have a higher chance of death than properly conditioned sows.

A

Thin sows

35
Q

Sow mortality is also affected by:

A

Herd size and Finely ground grain

36
Q

Proper body condition =

A

Consistent reproductive performance

37
Q

Improper body condition disrupts _____ and occurence of _____.

A

Endocrine system and occurence of shoulder ulcers

38
Q

Gilts: Breed at _____ body weight on their _____ estrus.

A

Breed at 135-150kg body weight on their 2nd and 3rd estrus.

Gilt has the weight maturity to gestate, lactate and rebreed

39
Q

Body condition score determined by:

A

Pressure on the ribs, spine and hip bones

40
Q

BC score range:

A 
1 = thin
5 = fat
41
Q

Mid-gestation 3 is ideal because it has adequate

A

Fat to withstand lactation and not too fat to have farrowing difficulties or reduced lactation feed intake

42
Q

A mid-gestation BC score of 3 will become _____ at the end of lactation.

A

2.5

Swine Production Exam 3 (6 decks)

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