WCAG and Accessibility General Questions

Question 1

Who uses screen readers?

Answer 1

• people who are totally blind and listen to the screen reader
• people who are blind and deaf and use a dynamic braille display
• people who are blind and can hear the screen reader, and also use a dynamic braille display
• some people with low vision who can see some of the text
• some people with cognitive disabilities who can see just fine, yet –have difficulty processing written text and can process spoken language better
  and others

Question 2

Which of the following statements are true? (Check all that apply.)
- Accessibility is primarily about screen reader access for people who are totally blind.
- When watching videos online, some people who are hard-of-hearing will listen to the audio and also read captions.
- People who cannot use the keyboard always use speech input.
- Some people use multiple assistive technologies or adaptive strategies.

Answer 2

Correct Answer
- When watching videos online, some people who are hard-of-hearing will listen to the audio and also read captions.
- Some people use multiple assistive technologies or adaptive strategies.

Question 3

What is the range of accessibility that website affects access to

Answer 3

Web accessibility encompasses all disabilities that affect access to the Web, including:

auditory
cognitive
neurological
physical
speech
visual

Question 4

Accessibility, inclusion, design for all, and universal design all cover the same things and have the same broad scope. True or False

Answer 4

False

Question 5

Which of the following statements are correct, based on the information in this module? (Check all that apply.)

It is beneficial to keep accessibility focused on people with disabilities, and consider the broader benefits in other areas such as inclusion and design for all.

User experience, usability, and user-centered design are not at all related to accessibility.

The methodologies and techniques in user-centered design work well for addressing the needs of people with disabilities, and including people with disabilities, in creating accessible websites and apps.

Answer 5

It is beneficial to keep accessibility focused on people with disabilities, and consider the broader benefits in other areas such as inclusion and design for all.

The methodologies and techniques in user-centered design work well for addressing the needs of people with disabilities, and including people with disabilities, in creating accessible websites and apps.

Question 6

What the disabilities that accessibility covers?

Answer 6

• Auditory (hearing)
• Cognitive
• Neurological
• Physical
• Speech
• Visual

Question 7

What is the definition of assistive technology?

Answer 7

A hardware/or software that people with disabilities use to adapt and access content

Question 8

Which adaptive strategies make audio visual presentations more accessible?

Answer 8

• Use closed captions
• Using audio description

Question 9

What are essential design features for speech input

• Visible page borders
• Visible focus
• Information that appears on hover
• Visible labels of buttons

Answer 9

-Visible focus
- Visible labels of buttons

Question 10

What type of assistive technology could help a user with limited upper body movement?

Answer 10

Switch controls

Question 11

What is a screen reader?

Answer 11

A screen reader is a software that reads out everything on screen including text, headings, lists, buttons, text alternatives for images, and form inputs.

Question 12

What are some common screen readers?

Answer 12

Common screen readers include Jaws for Windows, NVDA for Windows, Narrator bundled with Windows, VoiceOver bundled with MacOS and iOS, and TalkBack bundled with Android.

Question 13

What challenges do braille display users and users with physical impairments have in common?

• Lack of keyboard accessibility and insufficient text size
• Lack of keyboard accessibility and missing labels on buttons
• Lack of keyboard accessibility and illogical focus order

Answer 13

• Lack of keyboard accessibility and missing labels on buttons
• Lack of keyboard accessibility and illogical focus order

Question 14

What does Screen Curtain do on iOS?

• Screen curtain reads out everything on screen in one go.
• Screen curtain switches the screen off so you can test content without seeing it.
• Screen curtain is a shortcut to switch iOS on and off quickly.

Answer 14

Screen curtain switches the screen off so you can test content without seeing it.

https://learning.edx.org/course/course-v1:W3Cx+WAI0.1x+3T2019/block-v1:W3Cx+WAI0.1x+3T2019+type@sequential+block@b284a609c9344bb8939f6e701031921e/block-v1:W3Cx+WAI0.1x+3T2019+type@vertical+block@1df055de82eb4d9b95a625f491e9dbd2 (Testing on mobile examples and instructions)

Question 15

Why are tooltips problematic for screen magnification users?

Answer 15

Content in tooltips sometimes opens off screen and is lost

Question 16

Are responsive websites beneficial to screen magnification users?

Answer 16

Yes, because content resizing to a single column reduces scrolling which is tiring

Question 17

What enables people who are deaf or hard of hearing access audio and video content?

• Closed Captions
• Audio Description
• Text alternatives on media player buttons
• A text transcript

Answer 17

Closed Captions
A text transcript

Question 18

What challenges might someone with limited speech experience on the Web?

A contact us page with a phone number and no contact us form the form
A voice search on mobile with no text based search
Missing of Closed Captions

Missing Audio Description

Answer 18

A contact us page with a phone number and no contact us form the form
A voice search on mobile with no text based search

Question 19

How can the browser be used to adapt content to user preferences? (Check all that apply.)

• Increase font size
• Zoom content
• Adding text alternatives
• Increase only the size of images

Answer 19

• Increase font size
• Zoom content

Question 20

What assistive technologies might a person with autism more commonly use?
Screen magnification
A screen reader
Speech input

Answer 20

A screen reader

Question 21

What is the WCAG ?

Answer 21

Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) defines requirements on how to make Web content such as text, images, multimedia, structure and presentation accessible.

There are currently two stable versions of WCAG that are both supported by W3C:

WCAG 2.0 was published in December 2008, and has become widely adopted as the standard for web accessibility by many businesses and governments around the world. It defines 12 Guidelines under the four POUR principles. Under each Guideline there are more specific Success Criteria divided into three Conformance Levels: A, AA, and AAA. WCAG 2.0 defines 61 Success Criteria.

WCAG 2.1 was published in June 2018, to better address accessibility for people with cognitive and learning disabilities, people with low vision, and people with disabilities using mobile devices. WCAG 2.1 is fully backward compatible with WCAG 2.0, so that if your content conforms to WCAG 2.1 it also conforms to WCAG 2.0. WCAG 2.1 defines 13 Guidelines and 78 Success Criteria.

Question 22

What is ATAG?

Answer 22

Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines (ATAG) defines requirements on how to make the authoring tools themselves accessible, so that people with disabilities can create web content. It also defines requirements how authors can create accessible web content and conform to WCAG

Question 23

What is UAAG?

Answer 23

User Agent Accessibility Guidelines (UAAG) provides guidance on how to make user agents accessible to people with disabilities. User agents include browsers, browser extensions, media players, readers and other applications that render web content

Question 24

What types of users may use a screen reader to access digital content? (Choose all that apply)
a user with learning difficulties
a blind user
a user with limited upper body movement
a user with low vision

Answer 24

a user with learning difficulties
a blind user
a user with low vision

Question 25

What types of challenges might people with physical disabilities experience?
Poor keyboard accessibility
Lack of visible labels on buttons
Poor color contrast
Lack of visible focus

Answer 25

Poor keyboard accessibility
Lack of visible labels on buttons
Lack of visible focus

Question 26

. Can accessibility evaluation tools test the accessibility of images?

Answer 26

No, an evaluation tool can only identify if an image has a missing text alternative but can not tell you if that text alternative is appropriate in the context where it is present.

Question 27

What do blind people use to enable them to watch and understand video content? Consider different types of “video content”, for example with and without audio, and people with multiple disabilities. (2 correct answers)

Answer 27

Text transcripts
Audio Description

Question 28

examples of issues faced with mobile devices by people with disabilities might include:

Answer 28

A user with print-based disability such as being unable to click on small targets (or links) who is unable to click on a link on their mobile because the pinch-to-zoom feature has been disabled.

A blind user is trying to fill out a form on their mobile device, but the form fields have placeholder text without a properly coded label. (Placeholder text is the example text placed inside the form field). As they don’t know what to put in the form field, they are unable to complete the form.

A wheelchair user who must have their mobile device set in a holder on their chair because of an inability to physically hold the device is frustrated because the mobile website only works when the mobile device is in the vertical (or portrait) mode.

In some parts of the world, many people only access the Web through a mobile device because they do not have access to desktop or laptop computers. For these users, accessibility for mobile is a necessity.

Question 29

Bright light
An outdoor workman is having trouble using a website on his mobile phone due to bright sunlight. What is this an example of?
- A visual disability
- A Situation limitation
- Poor mobile phone design

Answer 29

A Situation limitation
- Poor mobile phone design

This is a good example of a situational limitation. He is having trouble outside but if he could move into a shaded place, he may not have the same problem. The main problem is the sunlight. If his phone has been designed with accessibility in mind, he may be able to adjust the contrast.

Question 30

Device orientation

A wheelchair user has a tablet computer mounted on her chair in landscape mode. The news reading app she wants to use requires the device to be rotated to portrait mode. What is this an example of?

• a physical disability
• a situational limitation
• poor mobile app design

Answer 30

• a physical disability
• poor mobile app design

She requires the mobile app to be usable in landscape mode because that is how she can interact with her tablet computer.
If the app was designed to allowing reading news articles in portrait and landscape mode, then she would be able to use it effectively.

Question 31

What is POUR?

Answer 31

Perceivable - Information can be presented in different ways; for example, in braille, different text sizes, text-to-speech, or symbols, etc.

Operable - Functionality can be used in different modalities; for example, keyboard, mouse, sip-and-puff, speech input, touch, etc.

Understandable - Information and functionality is understandable; for example consistent navigation, simple language, etc.

Robust - Content can be interpreted reliably by a wide variety of browsers, media players, and assistive technologies.

Question 32

Which of the following sections are part of the WCAG technical guidance? (Check all that apply.)

• Understanding WCAG 2
• Techniques for WCAG 2
• How to Meet WCAG 2
• Working with WCAG 2

Answer 32

• Understanding WCAG 2
• Techniques for WCAG 2
• How to Meet WCAG 2