WBC's Flashcards
Myeloid stem cells develop into?
Platelets, erythrocytes, granulocytes and monocytes.
Lymphoid stem cells develop into?
Lymphocytes
Myelocytic maturation series
Myeloblast Promyelocyte Myelocyte Metamyelocyte Bands PMN's
Which altered cell morphologies suggest Neutrophilia?
Toxic granulation
Vacuolozation
Dohle Bodies
Necrobiosis
Normal WBC count?
4,000 to 12,000
Diff percentages
PMN's: 50 - 70% Bands: 0 - 5% Lympho: 20 - 40% Mono: 0 - 7 % Baso: 0 - 5%
Coulter Principle
Electrical impedance.
Resistance or change in current when cell passes btw 2 electrodes in NaCl solution.
Flow Cytometry
Uses lasers to measure both forward and side scatter.
Forward scatter measures size
Side scatter measures granularity
How many lobes does the average neutrophil have?
Average of 3. ALways fewer than 5.
More than 3 cells with 5 segs is considered hypersegmentation.
One cell with 6 is considered hyperseg.
Another name for hypersegmentation?
Right shift
Hyposegmentation
Fewer than 3 lobes in a neutrophil.
Toxic granulation
Found in severe inflammatory states (sepsis)
Vacuolization
Seen in a neutrophil
An aid in the dx of septicemia (blood poisoning)
Penias
Too little
Philia
Too much
Neutrophils
Important in inflammatory response Phagocytes that engulf bacteria - Stress - Acute inflammation - Chronic infxn
Left shift
Increased number of immature neutriphils
Suggests acute inflammation on bacterial infxn
Toxic cell appearance
Dohle bodies
Vacuoles
Intra-cellular microbes
Dohle bodies
Sky blue inclusions
Rough ER containing RNA.
Failure of cytoplasm to mature
Found in infxn, burns, poisoning, chemo
Neutrophilia
Too many neutrophils
Bacterial Infections, inflammation
Emotional stimuli
Cold, heat, exercise, pain, trauma, smoking, ovulation, labor.
Drug causes of eutrophilia
Epi Steroids Lithium Venoms, poisons, toxins Smoking
Neutropenia
Less than normal PMN’s
Influenced by age and race
Neutropenia causes
Drugs (ablative therapy) Viral Infections (HIV, hepatitis, malaria) SLE Megaloblastic anemia, aplastic anemia Bone marrow failure
Lymphocytes
25 - 33% of WBC’s (1,000 - 4,000)
B and T cells (viral)
Lymphocyte percentages
60 - 80% are T cells
10 - 20% are B cells
5 - 10% are NK cells
Lymphosytosis causes
Viral Infections (mono and CMV)
Bacterial Infxns (pertussis)
Dilantin
Neoplasm (leukemias)
Lymphopenia causes
SCID, malnutrition, zinc deficiency
HIV, Radiation, chemo, SLE
Glucocorticoids, anasthesia, TB, burns, Flu
Monocytes
2 - 6% of WBC’s (200 - 800)
Exit blood to become macrophages
Phagocytic, defend against bacteria and viruses
Monocytosis causes
Leukemia, lymphoma
TB, SBE
FUO, GI disorders
Eosinophils
1 - 4% of WBC’s (0 - 450)
Eosinophilia causes
Acute allergic rxns
Parasitic infestation
TB, eczema, psoriasis
neoplasms, autoimmune
Basophils
0.5% of WBC’s (0 - 100)
Basophilia causes
CML, allergies Inflammatory disorders Irradiation Viral infxns Hypersensitivity rxns
Leukocytosis
WBC’s above 12,000
Leukopenia
WBC’s below 4,000
Leukemoid Reaction
Presence of metamyelocytes and myelocytes
Must ddx Severe reactive leukocytosis and a neoplastic process (leukemia)
What would you see in viral infxn?
Neutropenia (decrease)
Lymphocytosis (increase)
