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Hematology > WBC's > Flashcards

WBC's Flashcards

1
Q

Myeloid stem cells develop into?

A

Platelets, erythrocytes, granulocytes and monocytes.

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2
Q

Lymphoid stem cells develop into?

A

Lymphocytes

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3
Q

Myelocytic maturation series

A 
Myeloblast
Promyelocyte
Myelocyte
Metamyelocyte
Bands
PMN's
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4
Q

Which altered cell morphologies suggest Neutrophilia?

A

Toxic granulation
Vacuolozation
Dohle Bodies
Necrobiosis

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5
Q

Normal WBC count?

A

4,000 to 12,000

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6
Q

Diff percentages

A 
PMN's: 50 - 70%
Bands: 0 - 5%
Lympho: 20 - 40%
Mono: 0 - 7 %
Baso: 0 - 5%
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7
Q

Coulter Principle

A

Electrical impedance.

Resistance or change in current when cell passes btw 2 electrodes in NaCl solution.

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8
Q

Flow Cytometry

A

Uses lasers to measure both forward and side scatter.
Forward scatter measures size
Side scatter measures granularity

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9
Q

How many lobes does the average neutrophil have?

A

Average of 3. ALways fewer than 5.
More than 3 cells with 5 segs is considered hypersegmentation.
One cell with 6 is considered hyperseg.

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10
Q

Another name for hypersegmentation?

A

Right shift

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11
Q

Hyposegmentation

A

Fewer than 3 lobes in a neutrophil.

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12
Q

Toxic granulation

A

Found in severe inflammatory states (sepsis)

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13
Q

Vacuolization

A

Seen in a neutrophil

An aid in the dx of septicemia (blood poisoning)

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14
Q

Penias

A

Too little

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15
Q

Philia

A

Too much

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16
Q

Neutrophils

A 
Important in inflammatory response
Phagocytes that engulf bacteria
 - Stress
 - Acute inflammation
 - Chronic infxn
17
Q

Left shift

A

Increased number of immature neutriphils

Suggests acute inflammation on bacterial infxn

18
Q

Toxic cell appearance

A

Dohle bodies
Vacuoles
Intra-cellular microbes

19
Q

Dohle bodies

A

Sky blue inclusions
Rough ER containing RNA.
Failure of cytoplasm to mature
Found in infxn, burns, poisoning, chemo

20
Q

Neutrophilia

A

Too many neutrophils
Bacterial Infections, inflammation
Emotional stimuli
Cold, heat, exercise, pain, trauma, smoking, ovulation, labor.

21
Q

Drug causes of eutrophilia

A 
Epi
Steroids
Lithium
Venoms, poisons, toxins
Smoking
22
Q

Neutropenia

A

Less than normal PMN’s

Influenced by age and race

23
Q

Neutropenia causes

A 
Drugs (ablative therapy)
Viral Infections (HIV, hepatitis, malaria)
SLE
Megaloblastic anemia, aplastic anemia
Bone marrow failure
24
Q

Lymphocytes

A

25 - 33% of WBC’s (1,000 - 4,000)

B and T cells (viral)

25
Q

Lymphocyte percentages

A

60 - 80% are T cells
10 - 20% are B cells
5 - 10% are NK cells

26
Q

Lymphosytosis causes

A

Viral Infections (mono and CMV)
Bacterial Infxns (pertussis)
Dilantin
Neoplasm (leukemias)

27
Q

Lymphopenia causes

A

SCID, malnutrition, zinc deficiency
HIV, Radiation, chemo, SLE
Glucocorticoids, anasthesia, TB, burns, Flu

28
Q

Monocytes

A

2 - 6% of WBC’s (200 - 800)
Exit blood to become macrophages
Phagocytic, defend against bacteria and viruses

29
Q

Monocytosis causes

A

Leukemia, lymphoma
TB, SBE
FUO, GI disorders

30
Q

Eosinophils

A

1 - 4% of WBC’s (0 - 450)

31
Q

Eosinophilia causes

A

Acute allergic rxns
Parasitic infestation
TB, eczema, psoriasis
neoplasms, autoimmune

32
Q

Basophils

A

0.5% of WBC’s (0 - 100)

33
Q

Basophilia causes

A 
CML, allergies
Inflammatory disorders
Irradiation
Viral infxns
Hypersensitivity rxns
34
Q

Leukocytosis

A

WBC’s above 12,000

35
Q

Leukopenia

A

WBC’s below 4,000

36
Q

Leukemoid Reaction

A

Presence of metamyelocytes and myelocytes

Must ddx Severe reactive leukocytosis and a neoplastic process (leukemia)

37
Q

What would you see in viral infxn?

A

Neutropenia (decrease)

Lymphocytosis (increase)

Hematology (14 decks)

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