Hematopoesis Basics Flashcards
Erythroblasts develop into?
Erythrocytes
Myeloblasts develop into?
Granulocyte
Momoblasts develop into?
Monocyte
Lymphoblasts develop into?
Lymphocyte
Megakaryoblasts develop into?
Megakaryocytes, then thombocytes.
Growth Factor
A protein capable of stimulating cellular proliferation and differentiation.
- Cytokines and hormones
Cytokines are historically associated with _____ cells and ______ _____ Cells.
Hematopoetic Cells and IMmune System Cells
All blood cells differentiate from?
Pluripotent hematopoetic stem cells.
SCF
Stem cell factor
Tpo
Thrombopoetin.
Myeloid progenitor cells differentiate to megakaryocytes.
IL
Interleukin
GM-CSF
Involved in almost everything
Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor
Cytokine that functions as white blood cell growth factor.
Can be used as medication to increase WBC’s post-chemo.
Epo
Erythropoetin
Regulates maturation from a myeloid progenitor cell (erythroid precursor) to become an erythrocyte.
Produced in kidney
When does hematopoesis begin in the embryo?
The 5th week.
Three major types of blood cells
Erythrocytes (RBC's) Thrombocytes (Platelets) Leukocytes (WBC's) - Myeloid (non-lymphocyte) - Lymphocytes
Where is Epo produced?
The medulla of the kidney.
Good oxygen sensing capacity.
G-CSF
Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor.
Involved in maturation and proliferation of granulocytes, neutrophils and stem cells
Stimulate production of leukocytes
Monocytes mature into?
Macrophages
Two components of blood
Formed elements and PLasma
Formed Elements
RBC, WBC, platelets
Plasma
Aqueous medium containing proteins, small molecules and ions.
Granulocytes (3)
Basophil
Eosiophil
Neutrophil
Agranulocytes (2)
Lymphocytes - B and T cells
Monocytes - Macrophages
Erythrocytes
Small, biconcave, anucleated cells.
No mitochondria, No nucleus, No ribosomes.
4-6 million cells/uL
Circulates for 90 -180 days
Leukocytes
Larger and less abundant.
4,000 - 10,000 cells/uL
Neutrophils (PMN’s)
Phagocytic Granulocyte
2-5 lobes and fine chromatin threads
60-70% of leukocytes
Eosinophils
Granulocyte
BIlobed nuclei and numerous large granules
Bright red orange
2-4% of leukocytes
Basophils
Granulocyte Irregular multi-bobulated nuclei and numerous blue granules. <1% of leukocytes Contain histamine and heparin Allergy and stress
Monocytes
Precursor of macrophages (when in tissue)
Large. Kidney-shaped nucleus
Lymphocytes
20-30% of white cells
B and T cells
Smaller (similar to erythrocytes)
Spherical nucleus stains darkly, thin cytoplasm
Platelets
Small, made from megakaryocytes
Second-most abundant to erythrocytes
150,000 - 450,000 cells/uL
Anucleate cell fragments
