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Pathology > WBC Pathology II > Flashcards

WBC Pathology II Flashcards

1
Q

Conditions often accompanying leukemia:

A

Thrombocytopenia

Anemia

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2
Q

Marked increase in WBC count is seen in ___ leukemia (chronic or acute):

A

Chronic (slight increase in acute)

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3
Q

Blast cells are greater than 20% of WBC count in ___ leukemia (chronic or acute):

A

Acute

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4
Q

Type of leukemia typically affecting those below 15 yrs old:

A

Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

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5
Q

In ALL, the block in B-cell maturation occurs between the ___ and ___ stages:

A

Prolymphocyte and lymphocyte

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6
Q

Factors associated with poor prognosis of ALL:

A

Less than 2 y/o
Adolescent or adult pt.
Peripheral blast cells greater than 100,000
Philadelphia chromosome

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7
Q

Typical chromosomal abnormalities of ALL:

A

Hyperploidy, hypoploidy

t(12:21)

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8
Q

FAB classification of ALL:

A

L1 - Homogenous
L2 - Heterogenous
L3 - Large lymphocytes

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9
Q

Bigger lymphocytes are associated with a ___ prognosis:

A

poorer

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10
Q

Immunohistochemistry of ALL:

A 
CD 10
CD 19
CD 20
IgM heavy chain
TdT positive
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11
Q

S/Sx specific for ALL:

A

Testicular enlargement

Meningeal involvement

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12
Q

Affected age group and primary symptom of hairy cell leukemia:

A

Middle aged males; massive splenomegaly

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13
Q

Laboratory finding in hairy cell leukemia:

A

(+) tartarate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)

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14
Q

Bone marrow findings in hairy cell leukemia:

A

Dry tap due to reticulin network

Fried egg or honeycomb appearance

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15
Q

Myeloid disorders:

A

Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
Myelodysplastic syndrome
Chronic Myeloproliferative disorders

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16
Q

Chonic Myeloproliferative Disorders:

A

Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
Polycythemia Vera
Essential Thrombocytosis
Myelofibrosis

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17
Q

Majority of AML cases are in the ___ range, with a peak at __:

A

30-50 y/o; 60 y/o

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18
Q

t(8:21); inv (16) indicates what prognosis in AML?

A

Good prognosis

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19
Q

t(15:17) (the RARA gene) indicates what prognosis for AML?

A

Intermediate prognosis

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20
Q

t(11q23) indicates what prognosis in AML?

A

Poor prognosis

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21
Q

This situation is associated with very poor prognosis in AML

A

AML that developed from MDS

Deletions or monosomy in chromosomes 5,7

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22
Q

Retinoic acid is responsible for development of ___ to ____:

A

promyelocyte to myelocyte

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23
Q

RARA deficiency is associated with which type of AML?

A

M3 (abundance of promyelocytes)

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24
Q

Nonspecific esterase stains for:

A

Monoblasts

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25
Q

Myeloperoxidase stains for___ and is positive in___:

A

Myeloblasts; AML

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26
Q

PAS stains for___ and is positive in ___:

A

Lymphoblasts; ALL

27
Q

Distinguish AML from ALL in the peripheral smear:

A

Auer rods present
Abudant cytoplasm
Abundant granules

28
Q

DIC is a manifestation of which type of AML?

A

M3

29
Q

Which cells proliferate in M4 and M5 AML?

A

Monocytes

30
Q

Common clinical manifestations in M1 and M2 AML:

A

Chloroma

Granulocytic sarcoma

31
Q

MDS is typically seen in which age group:

A

the elderly (70+)

32
Q

MDS is a ___ disorder associated with ____:

A

stem cell; ineffective hematopoiesis

33
Q

Cellular abnormalities in MDS:

A 
Ringed sideroblasts
Megaloblastoid maturation
Pawn ball megakaryocytes
Nuclear budding
Abnormal granulation
Pseudo Pelger-Heut cells
Myeloblasts
34
Q

Myeloproliferative disorders usually involve neoplastic transformation of:

A

Multipotent myelogenous progenitor cells

35
Q

MPD abnormalities are due to mutated ___:

A

tyrosine kinase

36
Q

Characteristics of MPD:

A

Proliferative drive in bone marrow
Extramedullary hematopoiesis
Bone marrow fibrosis
Transformation to acute leukemia

37
Q

No block in stem cell maturation is seen in:

A

Chronic myelogenous leukemia

38
Q

Chromosomal abnormality in CML:

A

t(9:22) ABL to BCR

39
Q

Laboratory diagnosis of CML:

A

Greater than 100k WBC
(-) alkaline phosphatase
Philadelphia chromosome
Thrombocytosis

40
Q

CML involves neoplastic transformation of:

A

Pluripotent granulocytic stem cell

41
Q

PBS in essential thrombosis shows:

A

Giant platelets, greater than 600k

42
Q

Symptom of essential thrombosis:

A

Erythromelalgia

43
Q

The end stage of most proliferative disorders:

A

Myelofibrosis

44
Q

Treatment for CML:

A

Imatinib (BCR-ABL inhibitor)

45
Q

Symptoms of myelofibrosis:

A

Progressive anemia
Abdominal enlargement
Hyperuricemia
Gout

46
Q

PBS in myelofibrosis:

A

leukoerythroblastosis (teardrop shaped cells)

47
Q

Types of myeloma:

A 
Multiple myeloma (common)
Solitary Myeloma
48
Q

Type of solitary myeloma that may progress to multiple myeloma:

A

Osseous

49
Q

Plasma cell dyscrasias:

A

Myeloma
Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia
Heavy chain disease
Monoclonal gammopathy

50
Q

Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia features increased B-cells resulting in increased ___, resulting in increased blood ___:

A

IgM; viscosity

51
Q

These may be increased in the blood of multiple myeloma:

A

IgG (55%)
Other Ig (25%)
Bence Jones protein (20%)

52
Q

Appearance of X-ray in multiple myeloma:

A

Soap bubble appearance

53
Q

Seen in bone marrow biopsy of multiple myeloma:

A 
Replacement of marrow cells with:
Russell bodies (globular inclusions)
Dutcher bodies (nuclear cells
54
Q

Complications of multiple myeloma:

A

Myeloma nephrosis
Myeloma nephropathy
Systemic amyloidosis

55
Q

S/Sx of multiple myeloma:

A

Prominent bone pain
Hypercalcemia
Bacterial infection
Renal insufficiency

56
Q

Lab diagnosis of multiple myeloma:

A

(+) Bence jones protein
Increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Increased serum Ig
M protein spike in blood and urine

57
Q

Most benign histiocytosis:

A

Eosinophilic Granuloma (unifocal histiocytosis)

58
Q

Hand Schuller Histiocytosis is seen in ___:

A

young children

59
Q

Triad of Hand Schuller symptoms:

A

Bone defects
Diabetes insipidus
Exophthalmos

60
Q

Malignant type of histiocytosis:

A

Litterer Siwe (multifocal multisystem histiocytosis)

61
Q

Sx of Litterer Siwe Histiocytosis:

A 
Fever
Otitis media or mastoiditis
Trunk and scalp eczema
Spleen, liver, LN enlargement
Bone lesions
62
Q

Thymoma is a tumor of the:

A

Thymic epithelial cells

63
Q

S/Sx of thymoma:

A

Compression of mediastinum

Myasthenia Gravis

Pathology (7 decks)

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