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Pathology > WBC Pathology I > Flashcards

WBC Pathology I Flashcards

1
Q

Histology morphology of the myeloblast:

A

Youngest
Scanty cytoplasm
Nucleolus

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2
Q

How is the promyelocyte differentiated from the myeloblast?

A

Primary granules are present

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3
Q

Immature WBC with specific granules:

A

Myelocyte

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4
Q

First immature WBC to appear in the peripheral smear; equivalent to a reticulocyte:

A

Intermediate cell

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5
Q

Most common cause of agranulocytosis:

A

Drug toxicity

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6
Q

Pathogenesis of leukopenias:

A

Inadequate or ineffective granulopoiesis
Increased destruction
Splenic sequestration

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7
Q

Kotsmann syndrome is:

A

Congenital inability to produce neutrophils

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8
Q

Peripheral WBC count is influenced by:

A

Size of precursor storage pools
Rate of cell release
Proportion of cells in the marginal pool
Rate of cell extravasation

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9
Q

Types of benign WBC proliferation in the bone marrow:

A

Leukocytosis

Leukemoid Reaction

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10
Q

Causes of neutrophilia:

A

Bacterial infection
Tissue necrosis
Pyogenic infection

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11
Q

Causes of lymphocytosis:

A

Chronic infection

Fungal, viral, immunologic reaction

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12
Q

Causes of eosinophilia:

A

Asthma
Allergy
Parasitic infection

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13
Q

Causes of monocytosis:

A

Chronic infection

Collagen disease

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14
Q

Basophilia is often indicative of:

A

Myeloproliferative disorder

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15
Q

PBS changes during a leukemoid reaction:

A 
Toxic granules (Dohle bodies)
No blasts, but stab cells present
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16
Q

B-cells are located in what area of the lymph node?

A

Follicular area

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17
Q

T-cells are located in what area of the lymph node?

A

Parafollicular area

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18
Q

Acute lymphadenitis in the cervical region indicates infection of:

A

Submandibular or neck area

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19
Q

Infection in the extremities manifests as acute lymphadenitis in which regions?

A

Axillary and inguinal regions

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20
Q

Three types of chronic lymphadenitis:

A

Follicular Hyperplasia
Parafollicular/Paracortical Hyperplasia
Sinus histiocytosis/reticular hyperplasia

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21
Q

In follicular hyperplasia, activated B-cells are located in the ___ while inactivated B cells are located in the ___ area:

A

germinal center; thin marginal

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22
Q

Two zones of germinal centers:

A

Centroblast (dark)

Centrocytes (light)

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23
Q

B-memory cells originate in the:

A

Centrocytes of the germinal center

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24
Q

Causes of follicular hyperplasia:

A

Rheumatoid arthritis
Toxoplasmosis
Early HIV

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25
Q

Features favoring a non-neoplastic hyperplasia:

A

Preservation of LN architecture
Variation in follicular shape and size
Mitotic figures and phagocytic macrophages

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26
Q

Characteristic cells in parafollicular hyperplasia:

A

Immunoblasts

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27
Q

Causes of parafollicular hyperplasia:

A

Drugs
IM
Vaccines

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28
Q

Hypertrophy of these cells are characteristic of sinus histiocytosis/reticular hyperplasia:

A

Lymphatic endothelial cells

Increase in macrophages

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29
Q

Structures indicative of follicular hyperplasia, located in the centrocytes:

A

Tingible bodies (phagocytosed B-cells)

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30
Q

Categories of Neoplastic proliferative states:

A

Lymphoid Neoplasm
Plasma cell dyscracias
Myeloid neoplasms
Histiocytoses

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31
Q

Originating cells of lymphoid neoplasm:

A

T-cells, B-cells, NK cells

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32
Q

3 categories of myeloid neoplasms:

A

Acute myeloid leukemia
Myelodysplastic syndrome
Chronic myeloproliferative disorders

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33
Q

Histiocytoses is a proliferation of these cells:

A

Macrophages and dendritic cells

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34
Q

Sinus histiocytosis is prominent in which cancers:

A

LN draining cancers (e.g. breast carcinoma)

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35
Q

Precursor B-cells cancers:

A

B Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma (ALL)

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36
Q

Precursor T-cell cancers:

A

T lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma

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37
Q

Peripheral B-cell cancers:

A 
Small Lymphocytic Leukemia
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Hairy cell leukemia
Burkitt's Lymphoma
Follicular Lymphoma
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38
Q

Peripheral T-cell cancers:

A

T-cell lymphoma
Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma
Mycosis Fungoides/Sezary Syndrome

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39
Q

Seen in all lymphocytic tumors, distinguishes from carcinoma:

A

CD 45 (Leukocyte Common Antigen)

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40
Q

Monocyte/macrophage antigens:

A

CD 14

CD 64

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41
Q

Stem cell antigen:

A

CD 34

42
Q

Markers are usually ___ in B-cell lymphomas and ___ in T-cell lymphomas:

A

high; low

43
Q

Antigens seen in Hodkin’s lymphoma:

A

CD 15

CD 30

44
Q

Pan-B marker:

A

CD 19

45
Q

Peripheral T-cell marker:

A

CD 3

46
Q

Precursor T-cell markers:

A

CD 1, 2, 5, 7

47
Q

Germinal center B-cell marker:

A

CD 10

48
Q

Characteristics of lymphoid tumors:

A 
Monoclonal population
Mostly B cells (90%)
Unique clinical presentations
Immune abnormalities
Mimic normal counterpart behavior
Protective Ig breakdown
49
Q

Symptoms of lymphadenopathy:

A

Multiple, painless, large, COALESCENT lymph nodes

50
Q

Lymphoid tumors are grossly ____ instead of ____, as in normal LN:

A

fleshy, nodular, white;

smooth and tannish

51
Q

Main identification of precursor B/T cell neoplasms:

A

+ lymphoblasts

+ TdT

52
Q

Pre T-cell neoplasms usual manifest clinically as:

A

mediastinal mass

53
Q

Cancer typically affecting adolescent males:

A

Acute lymphoblastic lymphoma

54
Q

Cancer typically affecting 60 y/o males:

A

Small lymphocytic lymphoma

Mantle cell lymphoma

55
Q

Difference in WBC count between SLL and CLL:

A

Decreased in SLL

Increased in CLL

56
Q

SLL and CLL may spread from __ to __ and finally to __:

A

Lymph node; bone marrow; blood

57
Q

What is SLL Richter syndrome:

A

Transformation of B-cell to prolymphocytes

58
Q

Complication of SLL:

A

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia

59
Q

Most common chromosomal abnormality in SLL:

A

Trisomy 12

60
Q

CD markers present in SLL/CLL:

A

CD 19
CD 20
CD 23
CD 5

61
Q

Characteristic histological finding of SLL/CLL:

A

Smudge cells (disrupted tumor cells)

62
Q

Cancer affecting male and female middle aged individuals:

A

Follicular lymphomas

63
Q

Genetic abnormality in follicular lymphoma:

A

t(14:18) bcl-2 protooncogene (apoptosis)

64
Q

Distinguish histologically between follicular lympoma and follicular hyperplasia:

A

Well-defined germinal centers cannot be observed in follicular lymphoma

65
Q

Germinal centers of follicular lymphoma are absent ___:

A

tingible bodies

66
Q

Immunophenotype of follicular lymphoma:

A

CD 10
CD 19
CD 20
bcl-2 protein

67
Q

If c-MYC gene is present, follicular lymphoma progresses to:

A

DLBL

68
Q

Cancer with biphasic age profile:

A

Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma

69
Q

Symptoms of DLBL:

A

Rapidly enlarging mass SINGLE nodal or extranodal site

70
Q

DLBL genetic abnormality:

A

t(14:18) bcl 6

71
Q

Immunophenotype of DLBL:

A

CD 19
CD 20
CD 10

72
Q

Cancer common in children and young adults:

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma

73
Q

Histology of Burkitt’s lymphoma:

A

Round cells interspersed with macrophages

74
Q

Immunophenotype of Burkitt’s lymphoma:

A 
CD 10
CD 19
CD 20
bcl-6
IgM
75
Q

Burkitt’s genetic abnormality:

A

t(8:14) of c-MYC

76
Q

Pattern characteristic of Burkitt’s:

A

Starry sky appearance

77
Q

Characteristic of marginal zone lymphoma:

A

Arise from chronic inflammatory disorder
Remains localized
May regress if treated very early

78
Q

Genetic abnormaity in marginal zone lymphoma:

A

t(11:18) or t(14:18)

79
Q

Immunophenotype of Mantle cell lymphoma:

A

CD 19
CD 20
CD 5
CD 23

80
Q

Genetic abnormality of mantle cell lymphoma:

A

t(11:14), increased cyclin D1

81
Q

Histological picture of mantle cell lymphoma:

A

homogenous small lymphocytes surround compressed germinal center

82
Q

This distinguishes Sezary syndrome from mycosis fungoides clinically:

A

Sezary syndrome is more like an exfoliative erythroderma w/o tumor phase

83
Q

3 clinical stages of mycosis fungoides:

A

Inflammatory phase
Plaque phase
Tumor phase

84
Q

Symptoms of NK cell lymphoma:

A

Destructive sinus masses in nasopharynx, nose, oral cavity

85
Q

Cancers associated with EBV:

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma
NK cell lymphoma
Hodgkin’s lymphoma

86
Q

Biopsy in NK cell lymphoma would show:

A

(-) malignancy

(+) necrotic tissues

87
Q

Genetic abnormality in anaplastic large cell lymphoma:

A

2p23 ALK gene

88
Q

Hallmark cells in anaplastic large cell lymphoma:

A

Horseshoe-shaped nuclei and voluminous cytoplasm

89
Q

CD4 T-cell cancers:

A

Mycosis fungoides

Adult T-cell lymphoma/leukemia

90
Q

CD8 T-cell cancers:

A

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma

91
Q

Only lymphoma directly associated with virus:

A

Adult T-cell lymphoma (HTLV-1)

92
Q

Characteristic of T-cell lymphoma:

A

Skin lesions
Hypercalcemia
Clover leaf or flower cells
Severe anaplasia

93
Q

Characteristic of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

A 
RS cells (only tumoral cells)
Polymorphic cells
Single axial LN chain affected
Spread is contiguous
Paravertebral nodes are affected
Rarely extranodal
94
Q

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma is usually found in ___, except for the __ type:

A

males; nodular

95
Q

Subtypes of Hodgkins lymphoma:

A 
Nodular sclerosis
Mixed cellularity
Lymphocyte predominance
Lymphocyte depletion
Lymphocyte rich
96
Q

Most common Hodgkins lymphoma subtype:

A

Nodular sclerosis

97
Q

Nodular sclerosis Hodgkin’s has which RS variants?

A

Lacunar cell and collagen band

98
Q

Mixed cellularity Hodgkins has which RS variants?

A

Classic and mononuclear RC cells

99
Q

Hallmark cell of Lymphocyte predominance Hodgkins:

A

Popcorn cells (lymphohistolic)

100
Q

In Hodgin’s lymphoma, the more lymphocytes present, the ___ the prognosis:

A

better

Pathology (7 decks)

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