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SBM hematology > WBC intro > Flashcards

WBC intro Flashcards

1
Q

neutrophil percentage and characteristics

A
  • 35-70%
  • multi segmented nucleus
  • faint granules
  • “segs” “PMNs”
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2
Q

bands

A
  • 1-5%
  • increased in infection
  • immature neutrophil with curved but not yet segmented nucleus
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3
Q

monocytes

A
  • 4-8%
  • act like neutrophils in terms of phagocytosis and microorganism killing
  • indented nucleus, cytoplasmic vacuoles
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4
Q

eosinophils

A
  • 0-7%
  • bilobed nucleus
  • red cytoplasmic granules
  • in hyper sensitivity reactions
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5
Q

basophils

A
  • 1-2%
  • polysegmented nucleus
  • large purple granules
  • releases leukotrienes
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6
Q

WBC suffixes

A
  • penia - means too few

- philia or cytosis - too many

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7
Q

define leukocytosis and explain use of modifiers

A
  • total WBC count above two standard deviations

- when due to specific cell such as neutrophils, it would be neutrophilic leukocytosis

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8
Q

what is a left shift?

A
  • increase in band cells

- also called “bandemia”

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9
Q

what is the absolute neutrophil count (ANC)?

A

ANC = WBC x [(% segs + % bands)/100]

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10
Q

circulating vs marginal pool

A

available neutrophils split approximately in half, one have circulates for 6-8 hours before being cleared or entering tissues, the other half remains on periphery of small blood vessels and “demarginates” in response to stressor

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11
Q

neutrophils vs monocytes

A
  • neutrophils dominate in the first 8-24 hours of inflammation, and then monocytes take over, so monocytes play a bigger role in chronic infections
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12
Q

cyclic neutropenia

A
  • 21 day cycle of neutropenia with infections recurring
  • AD
  • ELA2 gene
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13
Q

severe congenital neutropenia

A
  • constant neutropenia
  • AD
  • ELA2 gene
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14
Q

Kostmann Syndrome

A
  • Infantile agranulocytosis presenting with multiple severe infections
  • AR
  • HAX1 gene
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15
Q

infections is greatly increased if ANC falls below…

A

1000 cells/uL

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16
Q

what type of infections carry the worst prognosis in neutropenia?

A
  • gram negative infections
  • followed by mycoses and fungi
  • viruses and parasites are generally not at added risk with isolated neutropenia
17
Q

measure of mild, moderate, severe neutropenia

A

mild - 1000-1500
moderate - 500-1000
severe - under 500

18
Q

define neutrophilia

A

counter greater than the upper level of normal, generally greater than 7000

19
Q

hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome (congenital neutrophil function)

A
  • high IgE and IgD
  • dermatitis, mental status, staph, candida, pulm infections
  • CHEMOTAXIS
20
Q

leukocyte adhesion deficiency (congenital neutrophil function)

A
  • ADHESION AND ROLLING
  • bacterial infections from birth
  • neutrophilia but no pus
21
Q

Chediak-Higashi sydrome

A
  • DEGRANULATION
  • abnormal granules, slow killing of bacteria
  • partial albinism
  • giant inclusion bodies
22
Q

chronic granulomatous disease

A
  • MICROBIAL ACTIVITY
23
Q

some causes of acquired neutrophil disfunction

A
  • myelodysplasia
  • alcoholism
  • metabolic disorders
  • HIV infection
24
Q

what is the primary function of the eosinophil?

A
  • kill parasites via phagocytosis
25
Q

definition of eosinophilia

A

greater than 1500 cells/uL for greater than 6 weeks

26
Q

causes of eosinophilia

A

secondary - to infection, allergy, asthma, meds etc
primary - eosinophilic leukemia, hypereosinophilic syndrome
idiopathic - diagnosis of exclusion

27
Q

what is the NAACP mnemonic?

A 
causes of eosinophilia
Neoplasm
Allergies
Asthma
Collagen vascular diseases
Parasites
28
Q

monocytes are precursors to…..

A

macrophages, histiocytes, and dendritic cells

29
Q

normal monocyte count

A

300-700 cells/uL

30
Q

define lymphopenia

A

absolute lymphocyte count less than 1000

31
Q

causes of lymphopenia

A 
1 - infection, HIV
2 - congenital - wiscott aldrich
3 - medications such as corticosteroids
4 - lymphomas
5 - nutritional
32
Q

define lymphocytosis

A

absolute lymphocyte count greater than 4000

33
Q

causes of lymphocytosis

A
  • non-malignant - such as viral infections

- malignant - lymphoproliferative disorders

34
Q

what is pancytopenia?

A
  • low WBC but also anemia and thrombocytopenia
35
Q

general causes of pancytopenia

A

1 - primary bone marrow replacement or failure
2 - secondary bone marrow replacement or failure
3 - ineffective myelopoiesis
4 - hypersplenism

SBM hematology (14 decks)

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