WBC and Lymph nodes, part 6: Plasma cell disorders and Langerhans cell histiocytosis Flashcards
Plasma cell neoplasms
What is it?
Are most cases of proliferation (dyscrasias) benign or malignant?
How do you call monoclonal immunoglobulin identified in blood?
Why do you see monoclonal immunoglobulin in plasma or extracellular fluid only?
Monoclonal immunoglobulin is not seen in the urine when?
- proliferation of B cell clone that synthesizes and secretes a homogenous immunoglobulin or its fragments
- malignant
- M component
- because they have high molecular weight
- when there is no glomerular damage
Plasma cell neoplasms
Neoplastic plasma cell will produce high amounts of what?
- light chains or complete Ig
Plasma cell neoplasms
what is an example of a neoplastic plasma cell malignancy that will produce only light chains?
what is an example of a neoplastic plasma cell malignancy that will produce only complete Ig chains?
What do you call free L chains?
where do you see these free chains and why?
- Multiple Myeloma
- Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma
- Bence Jones proteins
- in urine because they are small enough to be filtrated by glomerulus
Plasma cell neoplasms
what are the different plasma cell neoplastic syndomes?
- Multiple myeloma
- Waldenström macroglobinemia
- Primary immune associated amyloidosis
- Monoclonal gammapathy of undetermined significance
Multiple Myeloma
what is it?
it is a tumor from where?
can lead to what damages?
on what age group is it found?
- chronic, progressive & fatal malignant condition characterized by neoplastic proliferation of plasma cells which infiltrate the bone marrow
- from bone marrow
- lytic bone lesions, anemia, loss of kidney function, low immunity, and amyloid deposits
- 70
Multiple Myeloma
proliferation and survival of myeloma cells are dependent on?
What cytokine is produced by neoplastic cell of multiple myeloma and normal stromal cell of the bone marrow?
- several cytokines
- IL- 6 (IL-6 is a growth factor for plasma cells produced within the tumor)
- serum levels of IL- 6 is elevated
- high IL- 6 levels are associated with poor prognosis
- role for NF-kB: mutations which then help cell survival
