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WBC Flashcards

1
Q

aka WBC

A

leukocyte

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2
Q

_____ form the first line of defense of the body from invading microorganisms

A

WBCs

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3
Q

WBCs are distinguished from RBCs by the presence of a _____

A

nucleus

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4
Q

two main groups of leukocytes

A

granulocytes

agranulocytes

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5
Q

name the granulocytes (3)

A

neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils

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6
Q

name the agranulocytes (2)

A

lympocytes

monocytes

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7
Q

process by which WBCs differentiate and proliferate

A

leukopoiesis

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8
Q

development of WBCs occurs primarily in the _____, with the exception of _____ which can also take place in the _____

A

bone marrow
lymphocytes
thymus

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9
Q

it takes about ___ days from blast stage to release of mature granulocytes into the peripheral blood

A

14

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10
Q

this WBC is essential for phagocytosis/pyogenic infections

A

neutrophils

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11
Q

this WBC functions in allergy, drug rx and parasites

A

eosinophils

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12
Q

this WBC functions in immediate hypersensitivity and parasitic infections

A

basophils

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13
Q

this WBC functions to fight viral infections

A

lymphocytes

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14
Q

this WBC functions to help neutrophils

A

monocytes

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15
Q

____ is an increase in total WBCs

A

leukocytosis

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16
Q

____ is a decrease in total WBCs

A

leukopenia

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17
Q

normal WBC count in an adult

A

5-10,000

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18
Q

normal WBC count in a child

A

4-11,000

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19
Q

____ occurs when WBC count falls below 5,000

A

leukopenia

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20
Q

a fever with a high white count is usually from _____

A

bacteria

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21
Q

low to moderate fever with decrease in WBCs is usually caused by a ____

A

virus

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22
Q

case: patient presents with RUQ pain, accentuated with fatty foods, WBC count of 13,000

A

bacterial cholecystitis

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23
Q

case: patient presents with sore throat, pus pockets, white count of 14,500

A

bacterial pharyngitis, maybe streptococcal infection

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24
Q

RPI (retropharyngeal interspace should be no more than __ mm

A

7

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25
4 causes of increased RPI
blood pus tumor edema
26
case: patients presents with RLQ pain, fever, pain over McBurneys point, rebound tenderness, WBC count of 17,000
appendicitis
27
case: patient presents with difficulty breathing, brown rusty sputum, rales/crackles and increased fremitus/vocal vibrations, WBC count 14,000
bacterial pneumonia
28
chest radiography is ___ to ___% accurate in predicting the etiology of a case of pneumonia
42 to 73
29
WBC count 25,000 with abdominal signs and symptoms with muscle guarding, hurts so bad cant straighten up
hot abdomen (appendicitis, diverticulitis, pancreatitis etc)
30
which type of infection is generally worse? viral or bacterial
bacterial
31
case: patient presents with difficulty breathing, chest pain, opacification in lung fields, white count of 3800
consider viral pneumonia
32
case: patient presents with RUQ pain and jaundice, white count of 3200
viral
33
case: patient presents with sore throat and a white count of 4200
viral
34
WBC differential, count ___ cells
100
35
immature granulocytes and neutrophils
bands
36
name the 5 WBC types in order of most common to least
``` neutrophils lymphocytes monocytes eosinophils basophils ```
37
decreased WBC count
leukopenia
38
leukopenia is typically seen with a ____
virus
39
T or F | viral infections never cause leukocytosis (increase in WBC count)
false. it can
40
in a leukomoid reaction, WBC count is less than _____
50,000
41
in a leukomoid reaction, bone marrow findings and philadelphia chromosome are ____
negative
42
leukemia occurs typically when WBC count is greater than ____
50,000
43
right shift indicates more ____ cells
mature
44
shift to the left indicates more _____ cells
immature
45
what is the stem cell theory
all cells arise from stem cells; if one cell type increases, others decrease
46
aka segmented cells (segs)
neutrophils
47
increase in neutrophils
neutrophilia
48
decrease in neutrophils
neutropenia
49
hypersegmented neutrophils are seen with what anemia
megaloblastic
50
T or F | bands are functional
false
51
three types of lymphocytes
B-lymphocytes T-lymphocytes NKC
52
this WBC tags foreign bodies and produces antibodies
B-lymphocytes
53
this WBC kills foreign bodies
T-lymphocyte
54
T-lymphocytes migrate to the ____ to proliferate ____ and _____ cells then migrate to _____ and represent the majority o lymphoid cells
thymus T helper and T suppressor lymphoid tissue
55
B lymphocytes mature in _____ then are released to (3)
bone marrow lymph nodes spleen lymphoid tissue
56
final maturation of B lymphocytes is the ____
plasma cell
57
T or F | lymphocytes can live up to 10 years
true
58
__ lymphoctyes are responsible for humoral immunity and antibody production in response to antigen
B
59
__ lymphocytes are responsible for cellular immunity, tumor suppression and protect from intracellular organisms
T
60
lymphophilia/lymphocytosis is usually due to a ______ infection
viral, though sometimes it can be bacterial
61
children have an inverted ratio of WBCs. ie more lymphocytes than neutrophils, until age ___
9
62
4 instances in which you will see more lymphs than segs (neutrophils)
viral infections lymphocytic leukemia lymphocytic leukemoid reaction kids under 9
63
lymphopenia is seen in what 3 conditions
AIDS Hodgkin's lymphoma bacterial infection
64
normal WBC count with an increased percentage of lymphocytes
relative lymphocytosis
65
elevated WBCs with an increase in lymphocyte count
absolute lymphocytosis
66
Mononucleosis is an infection due to what virus
Epstein-Barr
67
in mono, early in the infection the WBCs are ____ like a virus, then leukocytes are _____
decreased | increased
68
if a patient has symptoms of mono with RUQ pain, it could suggestive of ______
viral hepatitis
69
how do you differentiate viral hepatitis from mono with labs
WBC count is not increased with viral hepatitis
70
case | patient is anemia and has RA. blood in stool this morning, decreased TIBC
ACD/ARD
71
``` case patient is from Italy blood in stool anemic MCV elevated ```
B12 deficiency
72
``` case hair on end skull on xray decrease RBC decrease Hgb, HCT normal MCV ```
sickle cell
73
``` case UA dark yellow hazy 8.2 pH +1 protein + occult blood +nitrites 4 RBC 25 WBC +2 bacteria ```
?
74
in HIV/AIDS there is a decrease in _____ cells, which is determined by the ___ count, which decreases their (cellular/humoral) immunity
T helper CD4 cellular
75
a person is diagnosed with AIDS when their CD4 count drops below ___
200
76
a normal range for CD4 cells is between ___ and ___
600 | 1500
77
_____ tests how rapidly HIV is progressing
viral load
78
cancer that develops from the cells that line lymph of blood vessels. the abnormal cells form purple, red or brown blotches or tumors on the skin
Kaposi sarcoma
79
recovery from acute infections, monocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease and TB all have an increase of which WBC
monocytes
80
scavenger WBC
monocytes
81
this WBC processes specific antigens for the lymphocytes
monocytes
82
there is an increase of this WBC with allergies, parasitic infections and Hodgkin's lymphoma
eosinophils
83
there is an increase of this WBC with chicken pox, allergies, splenectomy, polycythemia vera, Hodgkin's lymphoma
basophils

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