WBC Flashcards
aka WBC
leukocyte
_____ form the first line of defense of the body from invading microorganisms
WBCs
WBCs are distinguished from RBCs by the presence of a _____
nucleus
two main groups of leukocytes
granulocytes
agranulocytes
name the granulocytes (3)
neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils
name the agranulocytes (2)
lympocytes
monocytes
process by which WBCs differentiate and proliferate
leukopoiesis
development of WBCs occurs primarily in the _____, with the exception of _____ which can also take place in the _____
bone marrow
lymphocytes
thymus
it takes about ___ days from blast stage to release of mature granulocytes into the peripheral blood
14
this WBC is essential for phagocytosis/pyogenic infections
neutrophils
this WBC functions in allergy, drug rx and parasites
eosinophils
this WBC functions in immediate hypersensitivity and parasitic infections
basophils
this WBC functions to fight viral infections
lymphocytes
this WBC functions to help neutrophils
monocytes
____ is an increase in total WBCs
leukocytosis
____ is a decrease in total WBCs
leukopenia
normal WBC count in an adult
5-10,000
normal WBC count in a child
4-11,000
____ occurs when WBC count falls below 5,000
leukopenia
a fever with a high white count is usually from _____
bacteria
low to moderate fever with decrease in WBCs is usually caused by a ____
virus
case: patient presents with RUQ pain, accentuated with fatty foods, WBC count of 13,000
bacterial cholecystitis
case: patient presents with sore throat, pus pockets, white count of 14,500
bacterial pharyngitis, maybe streptococcal infection
RPI (retropharyngeal interspace should be no more than __ mm
7
4 causes of increased RPI
blood
pus
tumor
edema
case: patients presents with RLQ pain, fever, pain over McBurneys point, rebound tenderness, WBC count of 17,000
appendicitis
case: patient presents with difficulty breathing, brown rusty sputum, rales/crackles and increased fremitus/vocal vibrations, WBC count 14,000
bacterial pneumonia
chest radiography is ___ to ___% accurate in predicting the etiology of a case of pneumonia
42 to 73
WBC count 25,000 with abdominal signs and symptoms with muscle guarding, hurts so bad cant straighten up
hot abdomen (appendicitis, diverticulitis, pancreatitis etc)
which type of infection is generally worse? viral or bacterial
bacterial
case: patient presents with difficulty breathing, chest pain, opacification in lung fields, white count of 3800
consider viral pneumonia
case: patient presents with RUQ pain and jaundice, white count of 3200
viral
case: patient presents with sore throat and a white count of 4200
viral
WBC differential, count ___ cells
100
immature granulocytes and neutrophils
bands
name the 5 WBC types in order of most common to least
neutrophils lymphocytes monocytes eosinophils basophils
decreased WBC count
leukopenia
leukopenia is typically seen with a ____
virus
T or F
viral infections never cause leukocytosis (increase in WBC count)
false. it can
in a leukomoid reaction, WBC count is less than _____
50,000
in a leukomoid reaction, bone marrow findings and philadelphia chromosome are ____
negative
leukemia occurs typically when WBC count is greater than ____
50,000
right shift indicates more ____ cells
mature
shift to the left indicates more _____ cells
immature
what is the stem cell theory
all cells arise from stem cells; if one cell type increases, others decrease
aka segmented cells (segs)
neutrophils
increase in neutrophils
neutrophilia
decrease in neutrophils
neutropenia
hypersegmented neutrophils are seen with what anemia
megaloblastic
T or F
bands are functional
false
three types of lymphocytes
B-lymphocytes
T-lymphocytes
NKC
this WBC tags foreign bodies and produces antibodies
B-lymphocytes
this WBC kills foreign bodies
T-lymphocyte
T-lymphocytes migrate to the ____ to proliferate ____ and _____ cells then migrate to _____ and represent the majority o lymphoid cells
thymus
T helper and T suppressor
lymphoid tissue
B lymphocytes mature in _____ then are released to (3)
bone marrow
lymph nodes
spleen
lymphoid tissue
final maturation of B lymphocytes is the ____
plasma cell
T or F
lymphocytes can live up to 10 years
true
__ lymphoctyes are responsible for humoral immunity and antibody production in response to antigen
B
__ lymphocytes are responsible for cellular immunity, tumor suppression and protect from intracellular organisms
T
lymphophilia/lymphocytosis is usually due to a ______ infection
viral, though sometimes it can be bacterial
children have an inverted ratio of WBCs. ie more lymphocytes than neutrophils, until age ___
9
4 instances in which you will see more lymphs than segs (neutrophils)
viral infections
lymphocytic leukemia
lymphocytic leukemoid reaction
kids under 9
lymphopenia is seen in what 3 conditions
AIDS
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
bacterial infection
normal WBC count with an increased percentage of lymphocytes
relative lymphocytosis
elevated WBCs with an increase in lymphocyte count
absolute lymphocytosis
Mononucleosis is an infection due to what virus
Epstein-Barr
in mono, early in the infection the WBCs are ____ like a virus, then leukocytes are _____
decreased
increased
if a patient has symptoms of mono with RUQ pain, it could suggestive of ______
viral hepatitis
how do you differentiate viral hepatitis from mono with labs
WBC count is not increased with viral hepatitis
case
patient is anemia and has RA. blood in stool this morning, decreased TIBC
ACD/ARD
case patient is from Italy blood in stool anemic MCV elevated
B12 deficiency
case hair on end skull on xray decrease RBC decrease Hgb, HCT normal MCV
sickle cell
case UA dark yellow hazy 8.2 pH \+1 protein \+ occult blood \+nitrites 4 RBC 25 WBC \+2 bacteria
?
in HIV/AIDS there is a decrease in _____ cells, which is determined by the ___ count, which decreases their (cellular/humoral) immunity
T helper
CD4
cellular
a person is diagnosed with AIDS when their CD4 count drops below ___
200
a normal range for CD4 cells is between ___ and ___
600
1500
_____ tests how rapidly HIV is progressing
viral load
cancer that develops from the cells that line lymph of blood vessels. the abnormal cells form purple, red or brown blotches or tumors on the skin
Kaposi sarcoma
recovery from acute infections, monocytic leukemia, Hodgkin’s disease and TB all have an increase of which WBC
monocytes
scavenger WBC
monocytes
this WBC processes specific antigens for the lymphocytes
monocytes
there is an increase of this WBC with allergies, parasitic infections and Hodgkin’s lymphoma
eosinophils
there is an increase of this WBC with chicken pox, allergies, splenectomy, polycythemia vera, Hodgkin’s lymphoma
basophils
