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WBC Flashcards

1
Q

aka WBC

A

leukocyte

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2
Q

_____ form the first line of defense of the body from invading microorganisms

A

WBCs

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3
Q

WBCs are distinguished from RBCs by the presence of a _____

A

nucleus

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4
Q

two main groups of leukocytes

A

granulocytes

agranulocytes

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5
Q

name the granulocytes (3)

A

neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils

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6
Q

name the agranulocytes (2)

A

lympocytes

monocytes

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7
Q

process by which WBCs differentiate and proliferate

A

leukopoiesis

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8
Q

development of WBCs occurs primarily in the _____, with the exception of _____ which can also take place in the _____

A

bone marrow
lymphocytes
thymus

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9
Q

it takes about ___ days from blast stage to release of mature granulocytes into the peripheral blood

A

14

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10
Q

this WBC is essential for phagocytosis/pyogenic infections

A

neutrophils

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11
Q

this WBC functions in allergy, drug rx and parasites

A

eosinophils

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12
Q

this WBC functions in immediate hypersensitivity and parasitic infections

A

basophils

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13
Q

this WBC functions to fight viral infections

A

lymphocytes

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14
Q

this WBC functions to help neutrophils

A

monocytes

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15
Q

____ is an increase in total WBCs

A

leukocytosis

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16
Q

____ is a decrease in total WBCs

A

leukopenia

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17
Q

normal WBC count in an adult

A

5-10,000

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18
Q

normal WBC count in a child

A

4-11,000

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19
Q

____ occurs when WBC count falls below 5,000

A

leukopenia

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20
Q

a fever with a high white count is usually from _____

A

bacteria

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21
Q

low to moderate fever with decrease in WBCs is usually caused by a ____

A

virus

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22
Q

case: patient presents with RUQ pain, accentuated with fatty foods, WBC count of 13,000

A

bacterial cholecystitis

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23
Q

case: patient presents with sore throat, pus pockets, white count of 14,500

A

bacterial pharyngitis, maybe streptococcal infection

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24
Q

RPI (retropharyngeal interspace should be no more than __ mm

A

7

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25
Q

4 causes of increased RPI

A

blood
pus
tumor
edema

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26
Q

case: patients presents with RLQ pain, fever, pain over McBurneys point, rebound tenderness, WBC count of 17,000

A

appendicitis

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27
Q

case: patient presents with difficulty breathing, brown rusty sputum, rales/crackles and increased fremitus/vocal vibrations, WBC count 14,000

A

bacterial pneumonia

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28
Q

chest radiography is ___ to ___% accurate in predicting the etiology of a case of pneumonia

A

42 to 73

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29
Q

WBC count 25,000 with abdominal signs and symptoms with muscle guarding, hurts so bad cant straighten up

A

hot abdomen (appendicitis, diverticulitis, pancreatitis etc)

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30
Q

which type of infection is generally worse? viral or bacterial

A

bacterial

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31
Q

case: patient presents with difficulty breathing, chest pain, opacification in lung fields, white count of 3800

A

consider viral pneumonia

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32
Q

case: patient presents with RUQ pain and jaundice, white count of 3200

A

viral

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33
Q

case: patient presents with sore throat and a white count of 4200

A

viral

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34
Q

WBC differential, count ___ cells

A

100

35
Q

immature granulocytes and neutrophils

A

bands

36
Q

name the 5 WBC types in order of most common to least

A 
neutrophils
lymphocytes
monocytes
eosinophils
basophils
37
Q

decreased WBC count

A

leukopenia

38
Q

leukopenia is typically seen with a ____

A

virus

39
Q

T or F

viral infections never cause leukocytosis (increase in WBC count)

A

false. it can

40
Q

in a leukomoid reaction, WBC count is less than _____

A

50,000

41
Q

in a leukomoid reaction, bone marrow findings and philadelphia chromosome are ____

A

negative

42
Q

leukemia occurs typically when WBC count is greater than ____

A

50,000

43
Q

right shift indicates more ____ cells

A

mature

44
Q

shift to the left indicates more _____ cells

A

immature

45
Q

what is the stem cell theory

A

all cells arise from stem cells; if one cell type increases, others decrease

46
Q

aka segmented cells (segs)

A

neutrophils

47
Q

increase in neutrophils

A

neutrophilia

48
Q

decrease in neutrophils

A

neutropenia

49
Q

hypersegmented neutrophils are seen with what anemia

A

megaloblastic

50
Q

T or F

bands are functional

A

false

51
Q

three types of lymphocytes

A

B-lymphocytes
T-lymphocytes
NKC

52
Q

this WBC tags foreign bodies and produces antibodies

A

B-lymphocytes

53
Q

this WBC kills foreign bodies

A

T-lymphocyte

54
Q

T-lymphocytes migrate to the ____ to proliferate ____ and _____ cells then migrate to _____ and represent the majority o lymphoid cells

A

thymus
T helper and T suppressor
lymphoid tissue

55
Q

B lymphocytes mature in _____ then are released to (3)

A

bone marrow

lymph nodes
spleen
lymphoid tissue

56
Q

final maturation of B lymphocytes is the ____

A

plasma cell

57
Q

T or F

lymphocytes can live up to 10 years

A

true

58
Q

__ lymphoctyes are responsible for humoral immunity and antibody production in response to antigen

A

B

59
Q

__ lymphocytes are responsible for cellular immunity, tumor suppression and protect from intracellular organisms

A

T

60
Q

lymphophilia/lymphocytosis is usually due to a ______ infection

A

viral, though sometimes it can be bacterial

61
Q

children have an inverted ratio of WBCs. ie more lymphocytes than neutrophils, until age ___

A

9

62
Q

4 instances in which you will see more lymphs than segs (neutrophils)

A

viral infections
lymphocytic leukemia
lymphocytic leukemoid reaction
kids under 9

63
Q

lymphopenia is seen in what 3 conditions

A

AIDS
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
bacterial infection

64
Q

normal WBC count with an increased percentage of lymphocytes

A

relative lymphocytosis

65
Q

elevated WBCs with an increase in lymphocyte count

A

absolute lymphocytosis

66
Q

Mononucleosis is an infection due to what virus

A

Epstein-Barr

67
Q

in mono, early in the infection the WBCs are ____ like a virus, then leukocytes are _____

A

decreased

increased

68
Q

if a patient has symptoms of mono with RUQ pain, it could suggestive of ______

A

viral hepatitis

69
Q

how do you differentiate viral hepatitis from mono with labs

A

WBC count is not increased with viral hepatitis

70
Q

case

patient is anemia and has RA. blood in stool this morning, decreased TIBC

A

ACD/ARD

71
Q 
case
patient is from Italy
blood in stool
anemic
MCV elevated
A

B12 deficiency

72
Q 
case
hair on end skull on xray
decrease RBC
decrease Hgb, HCT
normal MCV
A

sickle cell

73
Q 
case
UA
dark yellow
hazy
8.2 pH
\+1 protein
\+ occult blood
\+nitrites
4 RBC
25 WBC
\+2 bacteria
A

?

74
Q

in HIV/AIDS there is a decrease in _____ cells, which is determined by the ___ count, which decreases their (cellular/humoral) immunity

A

T helper
CD4
cellular

75
Q

a person is diagnosed with AIDS when their CD4 count drops below ___

A

200

76
Q

a normal range for CD4 cells is between ___ and ___

A

600

1500

77
Q

_____ tests how rapidly HIV is progressing

A

viral load

78
Q

cancer that develops from the cells that line lymph of blood vessels. the abnormal cells form purple, red or brown blotches or tumors on the skin

A

Kaposi sarcoma

79
Q

recovery from acute infections, monocytic leukemia, Hodgkin’s disease and TB all have an increase of which WBC

A

monocytes

80
Q

scavenger WBC

A

monocytes

81
Q

this WBC processes specific antigens for the lymphocytes

A

monocytes

82
Q

there is an increase of this WBC with allergies, parasitic infections and Hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

eosinophils

83
Q

there is an increase of this WBC with chicken pox, allergies, splenectomy, polycythemia vera, Hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

basophils

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