Ways of dealing with offender behaviour Flashcards
What are the aims of custodial sentencing
Deterrence: To scare the public away from crime and to stop criminals from reoffending
Incapacitation: To protect society from the criminal’s antisocial behaviour
Retribution: To provide justice to the victim by giving the offender a punishment
Rehabilitation: Give opportunities to the criminal to make sure that once they are out of prison there is a way for them to behave prosocial
How can Custodial sentencing cause depression
The environment of prison can be frightening and cause the prisoners to feel high levels of stress, resulting in high levels of suicide and self harm
How can Custodial sentencing Lead to Institutionalisation
People grow used to the routines in prisons and so are not prepared to the outside world when they are free and therefore reoffend
How can Custodial sentencing Lead to Prisonisation
People grow used to the Inmates Code and so when they are released are not able to properly reintegrate into society as they need to unlearn norms
What is recidivism
The act of reoffending after a release
How many inmates are likely to reoffend in the UK over 18
77%
How does behaviour modification happen
Through Operant conditioning, in ways like token economies
What is the Secondary Reinforcer
Tokens
What are the Primary Reinforcers
Rewards like Sweets and Privileges
What are the stages of Anger Management
1
Cognitive preparation: Offenders learn how to assess their own thoughts for triggers or irrational aggression
2
Skill acquisition: Ways to control anger are developed, calming techniques such as mantras can be used
3
Application practice: Therapist and Offender play out roles and the offender uses the skills that they have developed
What are Restorative Justice programmes
The offender and the victim take part in a meeting ceremony supervised by a trained mediator, the offender takes responsibility and the victim explains the harm that they have caused, reparations can be made, the Offender will pay (usually monetarily) for their actions physically
How is Restorative Justice Supposed to help Reduce recidivism
Rehabilitates the offender by Cognitively showing the effects of their crime and how it has effected the victim and wider society
What are the three aims of anger management
Cognitive reconstructing - Increase self awareness and gain control over anger
Regulation of arousal - Increase control over their own physical state
Behavioural strategies - Problem solving and peaceful conflict resolution
What did Ireland find about Anger Management
50 patients that received anger management shown significant improvement compared to the control group of 37
What is the first step of Making a Token Economy
Identify desirable behaviour
What is the second step of Making a Token Economy
Rewards and target behaviours are clearly outlined to the staff and inmates
What are the key features of Restorative Justice
The criminal accepts responsibility
Community setting
Active responsiveness from both sides
Positive outcome for all
What evidence to support the effectiveness of anger management is there (Ireland(2004))
Ireland found that there was a 92% increase in desired behaviour for inmates under anger management programmes
What kind of crimes might anger management not apply to
Drug dealing, white collar crimes
Why might anger management have poor application outside of a prison
The therapist and the patient take part in a roleplay which doesn’t represent a real life scenario
What is the first stage of anger management
Cognitive preparation: Offenders learn how to assess their own thoughts for triggers or irrational aggression
What is the second stage of anger management
Skill acquisition: Ways to control anger are developed, calming techniques such as mantras can be used
What is the third stage of anger management
Application practice: Therapist and Offender play out roles and the offender uses the skills that they have developed
What percentage of people who go into custodial sentencing reoffend
26%
