Cognitive Explanations Flashcards
How many levels of Moral reasoning did Kohlberg identify
Three levels:
preconventional
conventional
post conventional
What are the stages of the Pre conventional level of Moral reasoning
Stage 1 - Punishment oriented
The criminal avoids behaviours that result in punishment, they only commit crimes that they are sure they can get away with
Stage 2 - Reward oriented
The criminal seeks rewards, only commits crime if they can get something the want out of it
What are cognitive distortions
An inaccurate perception of reality that causes irrational thinking changes our understanding about what is true about ourselves and others
Name two examples of cognitive distortions that cause offender behaviour
Hostile attribution bias
Minimalisation
What is Hostile attribution bias
Misattributing aggressive characteristics to other people
What is Minimalisation
Downplaying the seriousness of the effects of one’s actions
How has the Cognitive explanation of crime led to treatment for offenders to reduce recidivism rates
Led to the Formation of token economies in prisons
How did Kohlberg create the levels of moral reasoning
Asked 72 boys ages 10 13 and 16 to answer 10 moral dilemmas (Most famous: Heinz dilemma, he steals medicine to save his sick wife) and give their reasons behind their answers, developing the 3 levels with 6 stages
Who found that criminals have lower levels of moral reasoning
Allen et al
