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NVQ Level 2 Beauty Therapy > Waxing Revision > Flashcards

Waxing Revision Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the different regions of hair on our body and the functions?

A
  1. Scalp hair - protects the head, helps body to retain heat
  2. Eyelash + Eyebrow - protects the eyes against bright light and dust
  3. Underarm + Pubic hair - protects delicate skin and cushions against friction
  4. Body hair - protects against heat loss
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2
Q

Name the 12 different methods of hair removal.

A
  1. Waxing (removing hair at root level, suitable for most areas of the body, return after 6 weeks)
  2. Sugaring (removing hair at root level, suitable for most areas of the body, return after 6 weeks)
  3. Tweezing (removes the hair at root level, visible again after 2-4 weeks)
  4. Threading (removes the hair at root level, visible again after 2-4 weeks)
  5. Shaving (cuts hair at skin level, quick, easy, cheap, hair will return quickly)
  6. Depilatory creams (chemical to dissolve the keratin in hairs just below skin level, may thin skin, increased sensitivity, hair will return quickly)
  7. Cutting (removes hair above skin level, hair still visible)
  8. Epilators (electrically tweezes hairs at root level, painful and time consuming)
  9. Abrasive mitts (hair is broken off at skin surface,
  10. Bleach (lightening finer hairs, 4-6 week intervals)
  11. Electrical epilation (permanent treatment, cut off blood supply to hair, painful and time consuming)
  12. Laser (laser light is passed through the skin and absorbed in the target pigment melanin at hair follicle, expensive but quick)
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3
Q

What are the Contra - Indications to waxing that require medical referral/Dr note?

A
  • Severe skin conditions (Boil/acne/dermatitis/eczema/
  • Diabetes (reduced healing rate so may cause bruising/trauma)
  • Severe Varicose Veins (blue/purple swollen veins, may cause further damage if waxed)
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4
Q

What are the Contra - Indications to waxing that restrict the treatment?

A
  • Sunburn / recent sun exposure
  • Cuts
  • Bruising
  • Skin Tag (may cause skin to tear)
  • Warts / Hairy moles (may prevent stimulation of cancerous cells)
  • Self tan
  • Heat Rash
  • Abnormal hair growth
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5
Q

What should be carried out for clients that have never had a waxing treatment before?

A

A patch test should be carried out at least 24 -48 hours prior to the treatment. Negative or Positive result must be recorded on the record card with a client signature, date and note of the brand of wax.

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6
Q

How would you prep the work area for a waxing treatment?

A
  • Sterilise all tools
  • Ensure adequate heating or ventilation
  • Good lighting
  • Ambience
  • Towels
  • Couch roll on the beauty bed
  • Good supple of spare cotton wools/tissue
  • Check all products that are required for treatment are available
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7
Q

How should you assess the area before a wax treatment?

A
  • Skin Condition
  • Hair length
  • Hair growth pattern (direction of hairs)
  • Assess the hairs that need removing
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8
Q

What should be worn by the therapist when carrying out a wax treatment?

A
  • PPE (Personal protective equipment)
  • Gloves
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9
Q

What should be taken into account to prevent embarrassment during a waxing treatment?

A

Client Modesty and privacy should be taken into account when preforming a wax treatment
- Ensure blinds are closed and door shut
- Ensure client has a towel over private area
- Talk through the treatment/steps for comfort
- Don’t talk loudly

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10
Q

Why can certain treatment stimulate hair growth?

A

Some treatment stimulate hair growth, causing hairs to grow coarser and darker. This is because they cause stimulation of the blood supply, bringing fresh oxygen and nutrients therefore encouraging hair to grow.

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11
Q

What are the 6 different types of wax and sugar products?

A
  1. Warm wax - zinc oxide, beeswax, easy and economical
  2. Hot wax - heated to 48-50’c no wax strips needed, can open pores therefore less risk of ingrowing hairs
  3. Cold wax - budget friendly, can be done at home, not very economical
  4. Roller wax/ Disposable systems - Cheaper, gentler on skin, easy and quick
  5. Strip sugar - heated to 50-55’c, eco friendly, no chemical, less irritation, removed with strips
  6. Hand sugar - cheaper, easy, warmed to 37’c, spread and dragged over skin, less painful
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12
Q

How would you prepare a client for a wax?

A
  • Remove facial jewellery
  • Show the client in the mirror the hairs you intend on removing on face
  • Tuck hair out of face/ headband
  • Check goals with client
  • Apply vas where you don’t want wax to stick/over any contra indications
  • If eyebrow wax then shape the eyebrow using guideline method
  • Client should be in a led down position for facial wax/ bikini wax/ leg wax
  • Check direction of hair growth
  • Wipe area with antiseptic
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13
Q

Which direction should wax be applied?

A

All wax (apart from hot wax) needs to be applied in the direction of hair growth and pulled the opposite direction.

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14
Q

How would you ensure the client is getting the most/ best results from a wax treatment?

A
  • Ensure client is exfoliating at least 2-3 times per week
  • Moisturise daily
  • Return every 6 weeks
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15
Q

What aftercare advice would you give for a wax treatment?

A

For up to 24 hrs after:
- Avoid taking a hot bath or shower
- Avoid the sun
- Do not wear tight clothes
- Do not apply fragranced products / deodorants
- Avoid make up
- Do not pick any ingrowing hairs that may occur
- Don’t use any other hair removal methods between sessions to maximise benefit
- Return after 4-6 weeks

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16
Q

What are the contra - actions to hair removal treatment?

A
  • Allergic reaction (seek medical advice)
  • Erythema (redness, normal reaction to wax)
  • Spot bleeding (burst blood capillary, use antiseptic)
  • Bruising
  • Burning (lavender oil/ aloe vera to cool)
  • Skin removal (antiseptic to prevent infection)
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17
Q

What is the chemical released by the skin when Erythema is occurring post wax treatment?

A

Histamine is released by the skin after cells are damaged from a wax treatment due to the trauma of the hair follicle. This is the skins natural response to repair itself therefore redness is considered a normal side effect of a wax treatment.

18
Q

What are the main reasons an ingrowing hair could occur?

A
  • Incorrect applications/ removal technique
  • Client not following correct aftercare, resulting in build up of dead skin cells (not exfoliating)
  • Over reaction to the follicle damage resulting in overproduction of horny cell
  • Tight clothing causing follicle to block
19
Q

Name the 3 main types of ingrowing hair and their characteristics.

A
  • A coiled ingrowing hair (black dot or dome under skin, gently squeeze)
  • Infected ingrowth (usually have a pustular raised head with ingrowing hair inside)
  • Flat hair under skin (small thread released with tweezers or sterile needle)

(apply antiseptic or tea tree after all ingrowing hair removal to prevent the risk of infection/further infection)

20
Q

What are the 3 main layers of the skin?

A
  1. Epidermis - made of closely packed cells
  2. Dermis - It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands.
  3. Subcutaneous - made of fatty tissue
21
Q

What are the 5 main layers in the Epidermis?

A
  1. Stratum Corneum - Horny layer
  2. Stratum Lucidum - Clear layer
  3. Stratum Granulosum - Granulating Layer
  4. Stratum Spinosum - Prickle layer
  5. Stratum Basale - Basal layer
22
Q

What is the Stratum Corneum/ Horny Layer made up of?

A

The Stratum Corneum is the outer layer of the skin and made up of keratinocytes - dead skin cells. This layer is on a 29-30 day cycle and is continuously shedding.

23
Q

What is the Stratum Lucidum - Clear layer made up of?

A

The Stratum Lucidum is only found in thick skin - the hands and feet. It’s made up mostly of water and dead skin cells (keratinocytes).

24
Q

What happens in the Stratum Granulosum - Granulating Layer?

A

Keratin is produced in the cells. Keratinisation occurs in the Stratum Granulosum. This is where live round cells are transforming to dead hard flat cells and moving upwards to replenish the cells above.

25
Q

What is the Stratum Spinosum - Prickle layer made up of?

A

The Stratum Spinosum is made up of Langerhans cells. The purpose of these cells are to act as immune defenders and remove waste, bacteria and toxins from the skin.

26
Q

What two cells are found in the Stratum Basale - Basal layer?

A
  1. Melanocytes cell - (pigment producing cell (melanin)) which determines colour of the skin
  2. Keratinocytes cell - form a tight layer and protects the skin from foreign substances
27
Q

What are the two layers found in the Dermis?

A
  1. Papillary dermis - provides nutrients to the epidermis and helps control the temperature of the skin
  2. Reticular dermis - Elastin fibers provide elasticity to the skin. Collagenous fibers which collagen binds water to keep the skin hydrated and looking young.
28
Q

What is the Subcutaneous layer made up of?

A

Subcutaneous layer of the skin is the deepest layer. It’s made up mostly of fat cells and connective tissue and produces the facial and body contours. It also protects internal organs and muscles from shock and changes in temperature.

29
Q

What are the main elements of the skin?

A
  • Sweat glands (extend from the epidermis into the dermis, regulate the body’s temperature)
  • Hair Follicle (indentation of the epidermis, protective layer which houses the hair)
  • Hair Shaft (portion of hair that lies above the skin surface)
  • Blood Supply (blood supplied to skin via blood capillaries (blood vessels) provides oxygen, nutrients, removes waste and toxins)
  • Dermal Papilla (blood supply for the hair follicle, provides food, oxygen for growth)
  • Arrector Pili Muscle (attached to hair follicle and contracts when cold/scared to cause hair to stand)
  • Sebaceous Glands (glands found all over the body, produce natural oil, sebum)
  • Nails (appendage as extension of the epidermis, help with grasping, protects fingertips)
  • Sensory Nerves (found in skin, detect changes to environment, heat, cold, touch, pain, pressure, sends messages to brain to process feelings)
  • Motor Nerves (bring messages from brain to bring a response)
30
Q

What are the 7 main functions of the skin?

A
  • Sensation (sensory nerves to detect change)
  • Heat Regulation (maintain 37`c by widening and narrowing blood vessels)
  • Absorption (absorb particles that are small enough, hormones, ingredients)
  • Protection (waterproof coat protects against dirt, bacterial infection, chemical attack)
  • Excretion (water products are lost through perspiration)
  • Secretion (sebum (skin natural oil))
  • Vitamin D Production (a chemical reaction to sunlight results in production of VitD)
31
Q

What are the main Ethnic Variations in the skin/hair structure?

A
  • Black skin (will look shiny, produce more sebum and sweat, also have less body hair, epidermis is thicker resulting in grey looking skin, erythema will appear purple, hair follicles are curved, prone to irregular pigmentation)
  • Asian skin (irregular pigmentation around the mouth, hair is heavier and tends to grow more coarse and straight, sweat glands are usually larger, ages well due to protein fibres degenerating slowly)
  • White skin (skin is thin and prone to freckles, more prone to sunburn and premature aging as has limited defence to sunlight (low amount of melanin) usually has fewer and less active sebaceous glands, hair growth is light/medium)
  • Chinese skin (contains more melanin than white but less than other two, rare for blemishes to occur as sebaceous glands are less active, scaring likely to occur resulting in unevenness, hyper pigmentation is common, skin has least amount of hair growth)
32
Q

What are the 3 main types of hair growth found on the body?

A
  1. Lanugo - hair found on unborn baby, first result of cellular activity in skin, usually discarded before or soon after birth
  2. Vellus - soft downy hair, lack pigmentation, rarely grow longer than 2mm in length, have shallow follicles so usually straight, these hairs don’t become terminal until they are stimulated by a topical ((shaving/ plucking)) or systemic ((hormones/medication)) cause.
  3. Terminal - pigmented, deep seated, coarse, well developed root and bulb, often extend into subcutaneous layer, compromised by 3 layers, cuticle, cortex, medulla
33
Q

What are the main structures of the hair?

A
  • Shaft (portion that lies above the surface)
  • Root (beneath the skin in the hair follicle)
  • Bulb (large base at bottom of root, encases the dermal papilla)
  • Matrix (lower region of bulb, cells divide + produce new hair)
  • Cuticle (outer layer, contains no pigment, protects hair)
  • Cortex (main part of hair, strength, thickness, length is determined by the cells in this layer, elongated cells with pigment granules)
  • Medulla (middle soft spongey core of hair, contains keratinized cells, determines the sheen and colour tones, not present in fine terminal and vellus hairs)
  • Dermal Papilla (loose mass of connective tissue that surrounds the hair bulb, provides food and oxygen for hair growth, sperate organ that serves the follicle, dermal papilla is supplied oxygen from the capillary loop)
34
Q

What are hairs?

A

Hairs are dead structures made from hardened protein called keratin.

35
Q

What are hair follicles?

A

A hair follicle is an indention of the epidermis with the walls of the follicle formed from a continuation of the skins surface layers.

36
Q

What are the 3 sheaths of the hair follicle?

A
  1. Inner root sheath - this layer is closest to the hair, its made up of 3 separate layers and has scale like cells that interlock with the cuticle and hold the hair in place, the hair + inner root sheath grow upwards
  2. Outer root sheath - this is the follicle wall
  3. Connective tissue sheath - surrounds the rest of the follicle and the sebaceous gland. extension of the papillary layer of the dermis and provides a sensory nerve and bloody supply
37
Q

What are the 3 layers in the Inner Root Sheath?

A
  1. Cuticle of the inner root sheath
  2. Henle’s layer
    3.Huxley’s layer
38
Q

What stage is best to remove hair?

A

The speed in which the hair will grow will depends on the stage of the cycle the hair is removed at. Hair is removed best at the Anlagen stage because it will take much longer to grow back therefore leaving the client hairless for the longest possible period.

39
Q

What are the 3 main stages of the hair regrowth cycle?

A
  1. Anagen - Active phase where hair divides the matrix to produce new hair, when removed will have a jelly like bulb around root
  2. Catagen - Changing phase/ transitional phase, dermal papilla separates from the hair, hair becomes drier and moves upwards, where it can easily fall out, hair will appear limp
  3. Telogen - Tired (resting) phase, dead hair lies in the follicle waiting to fall out, or for a new hair to push it out. The hair receives no nourishment so the follicle rests until is stimulated by hormones to return to the anagen stage, hair will have bush like end
40
Q

Why is it important to explain hair regrowth to your client?

A

It’s important to explain hair regrowth to your client so they fully understand the process of how the hairs replace themselves and the importance of keeping up with treatments.

Most hairs take around 16 weeks to regrow, when carrying out wax treatments you may not remove all hairs as there may be hairs below the surface of the skin that are in the anagen states of growth

With continuous treatments you will notice the hair will be forced into a similar growth pattern giving the client the best results

41
Q

What are the main factors that affect hair regrowth?

A
  • Hormones
  • Age (rate of hair growth slows as age increases)
  • Colour (colour of hair defines speed of growth)
  • Stress (hairs grow faster due to imbalance of hormones)
  • Medication (cortisone drugs can cause rapid hair regrowth)
  • Health and diet (effects rate and quality of hair regrowth)
  • Medical Conditions
  • Hereditary (genetics)
  • Part of the body
  • Seasons (grow faster in warmer seasons)
  • Race/Origin

NVQ Level 2 Beauty Therapy (8 decks)

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