Make up Revision Flashcards
What are the 3 main layers of the skin?
- Epidermis - made of closely packed cells
- Dermis - It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands.
- Subcutaneous - made of fatty tissue
What are the 5 main layers in the Epidermis?
- Stratum Corneum - Horny layer
- Stratum Lucidum - Clear layer
- Stratum Granulosum - Granulating Layer
- Stratum Spinosum - Prickle layer
- Stratum Basale - Basal layer
What is the Stratum Corneum/ Horny Layer made up of?
The Stratum Corneum is the outer layer of the skin and made up of keratinocytes - dead skin cells. This layer is on a 29-30 day cycle and is continuously shedding.
What is the Stratum Lucidum - Clear layer made up of?
The Stratum Lucidum is only found in thick skin - the hands and feet. It’s made up mostly of water and dead skin cells (keratinocytes).
What happens in the Stratum Granulosum - Granulating Layer?
Keratin is produced in the cells. Keratinisation occurs in the Stratum Granulosum. This is where live round cells are transforming to dead hard flat cells and moving upwards to replenish the cells above.
What is the Stratum Spinosum - Prickle layer made up of?
The Stratum Spinosum is made up of Langerhans cells. The purpose of these cells are to act as immune defenders and remove waste, bacteria and toxins from the skin.
What two cells are found in the Stratum Basale - Basal layer?
- Melanocytes cell - (pigment producing cell (melanin)) which determines colour of the skin
- Keratinocytes cell - form a tight layer and protects the skin from foreign substances
What are the two layers found in the Dermis?
- Papillary dermis - provides nutrients to the epidermis and helps control the temperature of the skin
- Reticular dermis - Elastin fibers provide elasticity to the skin. Collagenous fibers which collagen binds water to keep the skin hydrated and looking young.
What is the Subcutaneous layer made up of?
Subcutaneous layer of the skin is the deepest layer. It’s made up mostly of fat cells and connective tissue and produces the facial and body contours. It also protects internal organs and muscles from shock and changes in temperature.
What are the 6 main skin types and their characteristics?
- Normal (Good skin tone and texture with even colour)
- Oily (Overactive sebaceous glands. Open pores/ papules / pustules/ comedones)
- Dry (under active sebaceous glands that do not produce a sufficient amount of sebum. Dry flaky patches/ tight pores)
- Combination (Oily T Zone and cheeks will either be normal or dry)
- Mature (client over the age of 25 - Loss of elasticity, facial contours may become slack. Epidermis becomes thinner. Broken capillaries appear around the eye area)
- Young (Skin up to the age of 25, no expression lines, good blood supply, no irregular pigmentation)
What are the main skin conditions and characteristics?
- Sensitive - Allergy sensitive / Touch sensitive
- Dehydrated - Tight, broken capillaries
- Seborrhoea - Over active sebaceous glands
- Comedone - Blackheads, sebum blocking pore
- Papules - Red spots caused by inflammation of sebaceous gland
- Pustules - Yellow spots caused by inflammation of sebaceous gland with infection present
- Open pores - Enlarged and more visible pores
- Milia - Overproduction of dry skin, white pearl under surface of skin
- Broken Capillaries - Small red/pink threads under skin
- Dark Circles - Poor blood supply or lack of sleep (asian characteristics)
- Hyper Pigmentation - Areas of darker coloured skin, patches of more pigment present (uv protection to prevent)
- Hypo Pigmentation - Areas of pale skin, decreased pigmentation production, medical condition Vitiligo
Dermatosis Papulosa Nigra - Occurs on faces of Hispanic or Black origin, 1-5mm brown/black papules - Keloids - Scar that hasn’t stopped growing, shiny dome shaped, caused by trauma to cells
What aftercare advice would you give the client?
-Avoid activities such as swimming, saunas, steam rooms
-Avoid touching the face
-Use a setting powder to make the products last longer
-Use blotting sheets/paper to soak up excess oil on the skin
-Advice on the products/ shades used
-Advice on techniques used for best results
What is a contra-indication?
A contra-indication is a condition or factor that may prevent you from performing a makeup application. Client should seek medical advice and return with a Dr note in order for you to carry out treatment and be fully insured.
What are the contra-indications in make up that require medical referral in order to be carried out?
- Acne vulgaris (inflamed skin, papules, pustules, open pores
- Boil (red raised painful lump)
- Dermatitis (red, itchy, swollen with pus)
- Eczema (red, itchy, dry, flaky, cracked skin)
- Psoriasis (patches of red skin with waxy scale like cells)
- Herpes eye infection (rash, ulcer, swollen eye lids, red painful eye)
What is Contra-actions?
Contra-actions are things that can occur during or after a treatment, and if this does happen, this would indicate that the treatment must stop.
What are the contra-indications in make up that prevent the treatment from being carried out?
- Impetigo (red, itchy, patchy spots, highly contiguous inflammatory infection)
- Conjunctivitis (mucous membrane that covers the eye)
- Inflammation (red, irritated, raised rash on skin)
- Fungal infection/ Ringworm (flat scaley ring like lesions)
- Blepharitis (red, itchy, burning eyelids, oily discharge)
- Skin Allergies (redness, swelling or itching)
- Iritis (aching, painful red eye, small pupil, affects the iris)
What’s the main reasons a client may decide to have professional make up?
-For a special occasion
-To achieve a different look than normal
-Bridal make up a wedding day
-To learn how to apply correctly for their own face
-Pampering session
What is Sterilisation?
Sterilisation is the total deconstruction of all living microorganisms and their spores.
-Autoclave (high steam pressure boil)
-Chemical (Cidex, Marvicide, Formaldehyde)
-Glass bead (heated to a high temp)
