Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

IGCSE edexcel Physics > Waves Y10 > Flashcards

Waves Y10 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Physics 101 flashcards AP® Physics flashcards
1
Q

What does a wave do?

A

Transfers energy with no need for overall transfer of matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the frequency?

A

Number of vibrations per second. Measured in Hertz, kilohertz, megahertz, or gigahertz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the wavelength?

A

Distance from one peak/trough to another. Measured in cm/m

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the amplitude?

A

Ance from equilibrium to peak/trough. Measured in m/cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the wave speed?

A

Wave speed(m/s) = frequency(Hz) x wavelength(m)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What should you do for maximum diffraction?

A

Have the size of the gap or obstacle roughly the same size as the wavelength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Will longer or shorter wavelengths diffract more?

A

Longer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a transverse wave?

A

When transfer of energy is perpendicular to disturbance of particles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a longitudinal wave?

A

When energy moves in the same direction to disturbance of particles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the areas in a longitudinal wave?

A

Rare fraction- low pressure

Compression- high pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the parts of the electromagnetic spectrum? (Raging martians invaded venus using x-ray guns)

A 
In increasing energy + frequency, but decreasing wavelength:
Radio
Microwave
Infrared
Visible spectrum
Ultraviolet
X-ray
Gamma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are radio waves used for?

A

Used to transmit radio and TV programs. Not know if harmful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are microwaves used for?

A
  • used in microwave ovens, as freq. of waves matches natural vibrations of food molecules, so they vibrate, increasing the temperature and cooking the food
  • some used in satellite communications, as can pass through atmosphere easily
  • they can harm us, as we are mainly water, so it burns/damages/kills cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are infrared waves used for?

A
  • everything emits it as it is just vibrating atoms
  • used to cook food, ie. in toasters
  • use in TV remotes
  • as infrared is just heat, it can burn us when concentrated
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are visible spectrum waves used for?

A
  • this is light we can see ∴ photography and books

* can damage eyes if you look at it for long enough, by burning spot on your retinas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are ultraviolet waves used for?

A
  • used in security inks and paints, as can only be seen under UV
  • used in tanning beds
  • can lead to cells mutating. Causes damage to surface cells and blindness. People with darker skin less likely to gte skin cancer than fairer people, as their skin absorbs UV better
17
Q

What are x-ray waves used for?

A
  • to scan bones. The x-rays penetrate skin and muscle but not bones leaving a shadow picture
  • also used to check metal for cracks/damage in industry
  • can cause cancer if they interact with your DNA
18
Q

What are Gamma rays used for?

A
  • sterilise medical instruments by killing bacteria
  • kill cancerous cells in radiotherapy
  • cause cancer by damaging cells and DNA, as short wavelengths with high energy can easily penetrate tissue. V dangerous
19
Q

What is the difference between analogue and digital signals?

A
  • analogue can have any amplitude and frequency

* digital is only in two states- on or off

20
Q

Why do we need to amplify signals?

A
  • as a signal travels it becomes attenuated- the amplitude decreases
  • be need to amplify the amplitude using repeaters
  • this amplifies noise and signal
21
Q

Why is digital better than analogue?

A
  • with analogue, you can’t know what the value of the signal was before noise, as it could be anything, and noise is random
  • although digital signals still pick up noise, they can be regenerated perfectly, as they only have 2 values
  • easier to reduce noise
  • maintain quality over longer distances
  • digital carries more info per sec
22
Q

When do magnets attract and repel?

A

North repels north, and vice versa.

South attracts north, and vice versa.

23
Q

What materials are magnetic?

A

Cobalt, iron, nickel, steel. You can test this by placing a magnet in a tray of iron filings

24
Q

Describe the magnetic field around one bar

A

The field is strongest around the poles, so the iron filing will crowd around there

25
Q

Why can digital signals carry more information?

A
  • larger bandwidth
  • during quantanisation analog signals lose lots of info, but digital singable don’t ∴ you can pack lots in
  • during multiplexing multiple digital signals can be sent down wire at once, as they recieve little interference, but only one analog as it could be any value
26
Q

How do you create a uniform magnetic field?

A

Hold two magnets with the opposite poles together when they attract

27
Q

What is a sound wave?

A
  • longitudinal

* can be diffracted/refracted and reflected

28
Q

What is the pitch/volume of the noise?

A
  • frequency of wave = pitch

* amplitude of wave = volume

29
Q

What does the sound wave diagram show?

A
  • peaks = areas with particles close together (compression)

* troughs = areas with particles further apart (rarefaction)

30
Q

How do you measure the speed of sound?

A

Echo: make noise, measure time from sound starts until echo arrives. Speed = 2x distance / time. Use large distance to reduce impact of reaction time
Microphones: make a noise. Sound waves from noise reach microphone one and start timer. When the waves reacher mic two it stops time. Speed = distance / time

31
Q

How would you display a sound wave?

A

Use a microphone to pick it up, this changes it to an electrical wave, then display on an oscilloscope

32
Q

What are the uses of ultrasound?

A
  • pre natal scanning. Minimises health risk unlike X-rays
  • cleaning delicate equipment and jewellery by placing in water and shaking off dirt
  • shatter gallstones
  • may sea bed using sonar beams which are timed to see how long they take to return to the boat
  • cracks in metal. Pulse of ultrasound is reflected by cracks
33
Q

What is ultrasound?

A

Noises too high pitched for human hearing

IGCSE edexcel Physics (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions