States Of Matter Y11

Question 1

What happens in evaporation?

Answer 1

• most energetic water particles turn to gas and escape the water
∴ the average KE of the remaining molecules has decreased ∴ the temperature of the puddle decreased
This is why sweating cools you

Question 2

What is Brownian motion?

Answer 2

Particles are constantly moving around randomly

Question 3

What is Boyle’s law?

Answer 3

• if temp and mass constant then pressure and volume are inversely proportional
P1 x V1 = P2 x V2
• straight line through origin

Question 4

What is the relationship between temperature and pressure?

Answer 4

• if volume and mass are constant, as pressure increases, temperature increases
P1 / T1 = P2 / T2 (only when temp in K)
• if gas is heated, then particles gain KE ∴ move around faster. ∴ will collide w container walls more ∴ pressure will increase

Question 5

How do gases exert pressure?

Answer 5

• av KE is proportional to temp in K
• the gas molecules move around and hit container walls
• this causes a small force
• this causes pressure (force/area)

Question 6

What is the arrangement of particles in a solid?

Answer 6

• close together and regular pattern

* vibrate on the spot

Question 7

What is the arrangement of particles in a liquid?

Answer 7

• close together
• random arrangement
• move around each other

Question 8

What is the arrangement of particles in a gas?

Answer 8

• far apart and random arrangement

* move quickly in all directions

Question 9

What is absolute 0? What happens here?

Answer 9

• -273 °C, 0 K

* particles have no KE ∴ stationary ∴ exert no pressure on container

Question 10

How do you work out temperature in Kelvin?

Answer 10

Temp in K = temp in Celsius + 273

Question 11

What happens re pressure when you heat up gas molecules?

Answer 11

• Gain KE ∴ more faster
• therefore collide w walls more frequently, causing a bigger force
• increase in pressure