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BMAT val > Waves (wave properties - waves for detection and exploration) > Flashcards

Waves (wave properties - waves for detection and exploration) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the equation for period

A

1/frequency

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2
Q

what is the equation for wave speed?

A

frequency x wavelength

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3
Q

What are transverse waves?

A

waves that oscillate perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer

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4
Q

what are the longitudinal waves?

A

waves that oscillate parallel to the direction of energy transfer

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5
Q

What is the definition of frequency?

A

the number of waves passing a fixed point per second

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6
Q

what is amplitude?

A

the maximum displacement that any particle achieve from its undisturbed position

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7
Q

what is the wavelength?

A

the distance from one point on a wave to the equivalent point on the next wave

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8
Q

what is a period?

A

the time taken for one complete oscillation in seconds

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9
Q

What do waves transfer?

A

energy

NOT MATTER

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10
Q

what is the relationship between the wavelength and speed?

A

they are directly proportional

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11
Q

What happens when a wave is transmitted from one medium to another

A

their speed and wavelength changes

frequency stays the same

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12
Q

Why does the frequency stay the same when a wave is transmitted from one medium to another?

A

because the same number of waves is still being produced by the source per second

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13
Q

What does the amplitude indicate?

A

the amount of energy a wave is carrying

the more energy the higher the amplitude

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14
Q

When waves reach a boundary between one medium and another, they can be …….

A

reflected, refracted, absorbed or transmitted

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15
Q

What does the direction of refraction depend on?

A
  • the angle at which the wave hits the boundary

- the materials involved

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16
Q

what happens when light travels from a material with a low refractive index to one with a higher refractive index?

A

it bends towards the normal

- slows down

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17
Q

high refractive index to low refractive index =

A

bends away from the normal

- speeds up

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18
Q

Refraction is due to ……

A

difference in the wave speed in the different media

19
Q

What happens when light enters, at an angle, a medium in which it travels slower

A
  • the first part of the light wave to enter the medium slows down
  • the rest of the wave continues at the higher speed
  • causes the wave to change direction towards the normal
20
Q

what does the amplitude in sound indicate?

A

its volume

high = loud

21
Q

what does the frequency in sound indicate?

A

pitch

high frequency = high pitch

22
Q

What is the normal range of human hearing

A

20hz - 20,000 hz

23
Q

sound is due to …..

A

the vibration of particles that make up matter

24
Q

sound cant travel in _________

A

a vacuum

25
Q

Within the ear sound waves causes…

A

the ear drum and other structures to vibrate- vibration heard as sound

26
Q

what frequency does ultrasound have?

A

higher than 20,000 hz

27
Q

What happends when ultrasound waves are directed into an object and arrive at a boundry between one material and another?

A

they will be partially transmitted and partially reflected

28
Q

How do you determine how far way a boundry is?

A

by measuring the time taken for reflected ultrasonic waves to return to a detector

29
Q

How can ultrasound be used for medical imaging?

A

1) ultrasound waves pass through the body but when they reach the boundry between two different media ( like fluid in the womb and the kin of the foetus) some of the wave is reflected back and detected
2) the exact timing and distribution of these echoes are processed by the computer to produce a video image of the foetus

30
Q

An example of how ultrasound can be used for industrial imaging

A

finding flaws in material

31
Q

what is echo sounding (sonar)

A

the use of ultrasonic waves for detecting objects in deep water and measuring the depth of water

32
Q

Features of P-waves

A
  • logitunidal
  • travel at the speed of sound
  • twice as fast as s-waves
  • travel at different speeds through solids and liquids
33
Q

Features of S-waves

A
  • transverse

- can’t travel through liquids

34
Q

why do seismic waves travel in a curved path through the Earth?

A

Due to the Earth increasing with density with depth

and when they are refracted they change their speed gradually

35
Q

S- wave shadow zone is due to…

A

s-waves not being able to travel through the liquid outer core of the earth; provides evidence of the size of the Eath’s core

36
Q

What happens when seismic waves reach a boundary between different layers of material?

A

some are absorbed, some are refracted

37
Q

P waves shadow zone is due to:

A
  • waves being refracted at the boundary between the semi-solid mantle and the liquid outer core
  • waves are refracted again at the boundary between the liquid outer core and solid inner core
38
Q

what are the p- waves shadow zone used to determine?

A

the size and composition of inner and outer core

39
Q

total internal reflection can only happen when…

A

the light ray is going from a dense to a less dense medium

40
Q

What happens when the angle of incidence is less than the critical angle?

A

Most of the light passes (refracted) out but a little bit is internally reflected

41
Q

What happens when the angle of incidence is equal to the critical angle?

A

the angle of refraction is 90 degrees

42
Q

What happens when the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle?

A

no light is refracted and all of the light is internally refracted creating total internal reflection

43
Q

What is compression and rarefraction?

A

compression = compressed region of longitudinal waves

rarefaction = stretched region of longitudinal waves

44
Q

What is the Doppler effect?

What happens when the source moves towards the observer and away from the observer

What increases the Doppler effect?

A

The apparent difference between the frequency at which sound or light waves leave a source and that at which they reach an observer, caused by relative motion of the observer and the wave source.

  • towards = frequency increases and wavelength decreases
  • away = frequency decreases and the wavelength increases

the faster the movement, the greater the doppler shift

BMAT val (31 decks)

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