Waves & Ultrasound

Question 1

Amplitude

Answer 1

Height of wave
*Unit depends on the wave

Question 2

Wavelength

Answer 2

Length of 1 oscillation
*Units=meters

Question 3

Frequency

Answer 3

of oscillations per second

*Unit: Hertz (cycles/second)

Question 4

Period

Answer 4

Time duration of 1 oscillation
*Unit: time (seconds)

Question 5

Velocity

Answer 5

How fast a wave propagates
*Unit: distance/time

V = wavelength x frequency

Question 6

Peak

Answer 6

Location of maximum amplitude

Question 7

Trough

Answer 7

Location of minimum amplitude

Question 8

Transverse wave

Answer 8

Oscillations are perpendicular to direction of wave
*Ocean waves

Question 9

Longitudinal

Answer 9

Oscillations in same direction as wave movement
*radio waves

Question 10

In phase

Answer 10

Peaks and troughs occur simultaneously
*Both waves with same frequency & wavelength

Question 11

Out of phase

Answer 11

All other circumstances aka not in phase
*Both waves with same frequency & wavelength

Question 12

Constructive interference

Answer 12

Amplitudes add in a way to give a larger amplitude in the resulting wave

Question 13

Destructive interference

Answer 13

Amplitudes add in a way to give a smaller amplitude in the resulting wave

Question 14

Simple wave

Answer 14

Constant wavelength, frequency, and amplitude

Question 15

Complex wave

Answer 15

Does not have a constant wavelength, frequency, and amplitude
*Constructed from multiple simple waves

Question 16

Fourier Transform

Answer 16

Deconstructing a complex wave into a sum of simple waves via a complicated mathematical process

Question 17

Bispectral Index

Answer 17

Records and concerts an EEG from time into frequency domain via Fourier Transform
*Anesthesia: 20-60 (GA 40-60)

Question 18

Simple Harmonic Motion

Answer 18

Periodic motion of an object that results in an oscillation which continues indefinitely
Ex. Pendulum, mass on a spring
*Doesn’t exist due to friction, heat generation, etc.

Question 19

Hooke’s Law

Answer 19

The force needed to stretch a spring
Force = kx
(X-distance, k-spring constant)
Stiffer spring = larger k

Question 20

Frequency of spring depends on…

Answer 20

mass of object
spring constant
*NOT amplitude

Question 21

Damping

Answer 21

Decrease in amplitude of an oscillation object due to dissipation of its energy

Question 22

Resonance

Answer 22

Phenomenon that can increase amplitude

Question 23

Damping of arterial waveform

Answer 23

-air bubble in tubing
-kink in catheter or tubing
-catheter tip against vessel wall
*Decreases accuracy of BP

Question 24

Driven oscillation

Answer 24

Driving force is applied to an oscillating system that can increase its amplitude of oscillation
*Ex. Pushing a child on a swing