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Physics > Waves & Ultrasound > Flashcards

Waves & Ultrasound Flashcards

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1
Q

Amplitude

A

Height of wave
*Unit depends on the wave

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2
Q

Wavelength

A

Length of 1 oscillation
*Units=meters

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3
Q

Frequency

A

of oscillations per second

*Unit: Hertz (cycles/second)

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4
Q

Period

A

Time duration of 1 oscillation
*Unit: time (seconds)

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5
Q

Velocity

A

How fast a wave propagates
*Unit: distance/time

V = wavelength x frequency

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6
Q

Peak

A

Location of maximum amplitude

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7
Q

Trough

A

Location of minimum amplitude

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8
Q

Transverse wave

A

Oscillations are perpendicular to direction of wave
*Ocean waves

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9
Q

Longitudinal

A

Oscillations in same direction as wave movement
*radio waves

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10
Q

In phase

A

Peaks and troughs occur simultaneously
*Both waves with same frequency & wavelength

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11
Q

Out of phase

A

All other circumstances aka not in phase
*Both waves with same frequency & wavelength

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12
Q

Constructive interference

A

Amplitudes add in a way to give a larger amplitude in the resulting wave

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13
Q

Destructive interference

A

Amplitudes add in a way to give a smaller amplitude in the resulting wave

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14
Q

Simple wave

A

Constant wavelength, frequency, and amplitude

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15
Q

Complex wave

A

Does not have a constant wavelength, frequency, and amplitude
*Constructed from multiple simple waves

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16
Q

Fourier Transform

A

Deconstructing a complex wave into a sum of simple waves via a complicated mathematical process

17
Q

Bispectral Index

A

Records and concerts an EEG from time into frequency domain via Fourier Transform
*Anesthesia: 20-60 (GA 40-60)

18
Q

Simple Harmonic Motion

A

Periodic motion of an object that results in an oscillation which continues indefinitely
Ex. Pendulum, mass on a spring
*Doesn’t exist due to friction, heat generation, etc.

19
Q

Hooke’s Law

A

The force needed to stretch a spring
Force = kx
(X-distance, k-spring constant)
Stiffer spring = larger k

20
Q

Frequency of spring depends on…

A

mass of object
spring constant
*NOT amplitude

21
Q

Damping

A

Decrease in amplitude of an oscillation object due to dissipation of its energy

22
Q

Resonance

A

Phenomenon that can increase amplitude

23
Q

Damping of arterial waveform

A

-air bubble in tubing
-kink in catheter or tubing
-catheter tip against vessel wall
*Decreases accuracy of BP

24
Q

Driven oscillation

A

Driving force is applied to an oscillating system that can increase its amplitude of oscillation
*Ex. Pushing a child on a swing

Physics (6 decks)

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