Atoms/Molecules/Spectroscopy

Question 1

Fluorescence

Answer 1

Molecule absorbs a photon and quickly emits a photon of longer wavelength (lower energy)

Question 2

Laser

Answer 2

-light is all in the same phase
-coherent beam
-monochromatic
-light generated by stimulated emission

Question 3

Electromagnetic waves

Answer 3

-categorized by wavelength and frequency
-oscillating electric and magnetic field perpendicular to one another
-smallest packet of wave is a photon

Question 4

Beer-Lambert

Answer 4

If length and wavelength are constant, absorbance is directly proportional to concentration

Question 5

Methemoglobin

Answer 5

Overestimation of true hemoglobin for all possible degrees of O2 saturation

Question 6

Carboxyhemoglobin

Answer 6

Overestimation of true hemoglobin for all possible degrees of O2 saturation

Question 7

Vibrational spectroscopy

Answer 7

-involves 3 atoms and can vibrate 3 ways
-involves infrared
-must have covalent bonds

Question 8

Cerebral near Infrared spectroscopy

Answer 8

Looks at tissue oxygenation differences between abortion in bone & skin compared to bone, skin, and brain to give you estimated brain oxygenation

Question 9

Mass spectrometry

Answer 9

-many substance concentrations
-sample is ionized by x-rays or electrons causing electrons to leave leading to positively charged or fragmented substances that are then put through a magnetic field and separated by mass-to-charge ratio
-particles with less mass and/or more positively charged are deflected more

Question 10

Vein finder

Answer 10

Infrared light projected onto area and light is reflected back in visible light from most tissues except oxy and deoxy hgb which absorbs the light making them appear darker

Question 11

Severinghaus electrode

Answer 11

Quantifies CO2

Question 12

Clarke electrode

Answer 12

Quantifies O2

Question 13

Glass electrode

Answer 13

Quantifies pH

Question 14

Paramagnetic technique

Answer 14

Quantifies O2