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MED-101 Medical Physics > WAVES (PART 1) > Flashcards

WAVES (PART 1) Flashcards

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1
Q
  1. What is the information about the environment carried by?
A
  • light waves
  • sound waves
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2
Q
  1. How is sound wave interpretation used in Medicine?
A
  • physicians use stethoscopes to listen to sounds in the
    body
  • they tap on parts of the body as a diagnostic tools
  • ultrasonography
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3
Q
  1. What is Ultrasonography?
A
  • it is a non destructive form of imaging
  • it makes use of sound at frequencies above our
    hearing range
  • it uses this to provide us with images
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4
Q
  1. What is our Hearing Range?
A
  • 20 Hz to 20 kHz
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5
Q
  1. What happens when the waves are sent to an object?
A
  • they are reflected
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6
Q
  1. What exists between the transmission of the probe beam and the arrival of the reflected acoustic pulses at the detector?
A
  • a delay time
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7
Q
  1. What gives us the relative location of the object?
A
  • the delay time between the transmission of the probe
    beam and the arrival of the reflected acoustic pulses
    at the detector
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8
Q
  1. What is the basis for measuring blood flow direction, turbulence and speed?
A
  • the shifting of the acoustic frequency
  • when the ultrasound reflects from a moving target
  • this is known as the Doppler effect
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9
Q
  1. What happens when a wave propagates?
A
  • each spatial point on the wave is oscillating
  • it oscillates in Simple Harmonic Motion
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10
Q
  1. What kind of motion is Oscillatory motion?
A
  • periodic
  • repeated movements
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11
Q
  1. What is the wave a result of?
A
  • oscillations
  • each oscillator is in a strict phase relationship with
    the other point
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12
Q
  1. What does each Oscillator have?
A
  • the same spring constant
  • the same mass
  • oscillates with the same amplitude
  • it has the same period
  • it has the same frequency
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13
Q
  1. Within each Oscillator, what occurs with the oscillations?
A
  • each oscillation is slightly ahead or behind its neighbours
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14
Q
  1. What is a Propagating Wave?
A
  • it is a self-sustaining disturbance of a medium
  • it travels from one point to another
  • it carries energy
  • it carries momentum
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15
Q
  1. What are Mechanical Waves?
A
  • they are summative phenomena
  • they arise from the motion of particles

SUMMATIVE = increasing or increased in quantity

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16
Q
  1. What happens to the particles when a wave advances?
A
  • the particles of the medium will only oscillate in place
17
Q
  1. How is Simple Harmonic Motion related to the wave motion?
A
  • wave motion involves particles that oscillate up and down in place
18
Q
  1. How does a wave that has been generated by a hand and a string occur?
A
  • a wave will be generated on the string
  • it starts from the sinusoidal vibration of the hand

SINUSOIDAL= having the form of a sine curve

19
Q
  1. Where is energy carried from in this situation:
A
  • the energy is carried by the wave
  • it is carried from the source to the right
  • it is carried along the string
20
Q
  1. What is the direction of energy transport also called?
A
  • it is called the direction of propagation of the wave
  • it can also be called the line of propagation of the wave
21
Q
  1. What happens with each particle of the string in this diagram?
A
  • each particle of the string vibrates up and down
  • this vibration is perpendicular to the line of
    propagation
  • this can be seen with the particles at Point C
22
Q
  1. What is a Transverse Wave?
A
  • it is a wave that travels through the medium
  • the medium is oscillating in a direction that is
    perpendicular to the direction in which the wave is
    propagating
  • this means that the motion of the medium of the wave
    is transverse
23
Q
  1. What kinds of waves are typical Transverse waves?
A
  • they are electromagnetic waves
24
Q
  1. What are Longitudinal Waves?
A
  • they are waves which travel through a medium
  • each spatial point in the medium is oscillating
  • it oscillates in the same direction as the wave is
    propagating in
25
Q
  1. What kinds of waves are Typical Longitudinal Waves?
A
  • they are sound waves
26
Q
  1. What are the top points of a wave called?
A
  • Crests
27
Q
  1. What are the bottom points of the wave called?
A
  • troughs
28
Q
  1. What happens to the troughs and the crests of the wave as it goes on?
A
  • the crests and the troughs will move to the right
  • they will move with a speed of v
  • this is known as the wave speed
29
Q
  1. What is the Amplitude of a wave?
A
  • it is the maximum disturbance that is undergone during a vibrational cycle
30
Q
  1. What is the Wavelength (λ) of a wave?
A
  • it is the distance between two consecutive points of
    the waves
  • this can be the distance between two troughs or
    between two crests
  • it is a length
  • it is measured in metres
  • it is the distance along the direction of propagation
    between corresponding points of the wave
31
Q
  1. What is the Period (T) of a wave?
A
  • it is the time it takes the wave to go through one
    complete cycle
  • it is the number of seconds per cycle
32
Q
  1. What is the Frequency (f) of a wave?
A
  • it is the number of cycles per second
33
Q
  1. How is the Frequency (f) of a wave calculated?
A
34
Q
  1. What happens to the wave within time (T)?
A
  • the crest will move
  • it will move with a speed (v)
  • it will move a distance (W) to the right
35
Q
  1. How do we calculate the speed of a wave?
A
  • this relation holds for all waves
  • ▵x = displacement
  • λ= wave length
  • T= period
  • t= time

NB: this relation holds for all waves

MED-101 Medical Physics (21 decks)

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