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UK GCSE Physics > Waves (P6) > Flashcards

Waves (P6) Flashcards

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1
Q

What does a wave transfer?

A

Energy from one place to another

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2
Q

What causes a wave?

A

A vibration

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3
Q

What is the definition of a transverse wave?

A

Oscillation is perpendicular to the direction of the wave

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4
Q

What is the definition of a longitudinal wave?

A

Oscillation is parallel to the direction of the wave

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5
Q

Give examples of longitudinal waves

A

Sound
Ultrasound
Primary Earthquakes (P)

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6
Q

Give examples of transverse waves

A

Water waves
All EM waves
Secondary Earthquake (S)

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7
Q

What is compression?

A

A compression is when particles in a longitudinal wave are closest

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8
Q

What is rarefaction?

A

A rarefaction is when particles in a longitudinal wave are furthest apart

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9
Q

What is amplitude?

A

The maximum displacement of a wave from its equilibrium

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10
Q

What is wavelength?

A

The distance from a point in one wave to the same point on the next (i.e.: trough to trough)

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11
Q

What is frequency?

A

Amount of waves that pass a point every second

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12
Q

What is the unit of wave speed?

A

m/s

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13
Q

What is the unit of wavelength?

A

m

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14
Q

What is the unit of frequency?

A

Hz

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15
Q

Equation for wave speed

A

v=fλ

velocity = frequency x wavelength

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16
Q

What speed to EM waves travel at?

A

300, 000, 000 m/s

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17
Q

What speed does sound travel at?

A

330 m/s

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18
Q

List EM waves from longest to shortest

A 
Radio
Microwaves
Infra-red
Visible
Ultra-violet
X-ray
Gamma
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19
Q

Which EM wave has the highest frequency?

A

Gamma

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20
Q

Which EM wave has the most energy?

A

Gamma

21
Q

Which EM waves are the most ionising?

A

Ultra-violet, X-rays and Gamma

22
Q

What happens when light travels from air into a glass block?

A

Refracts towards the normal

23
Q

What is the law of reflection?

A

The angle of incidence is the same as the angle of reflection

24
Q

What is the danger of ultra violet radiation?

A

Can cause premature aging of the skin and increased risk of skin cancer

25
Q

What is the danger of X-rays and gamma rays?

A

They are ionising radiation that can cause the mutation if genes and cancer

26
Q

What are radio waves used for?

A

Television and radio transmissions

27
Q

What are microwaves used for?

A 
Satellite communication (they can travel through ionosphere)
Cooking food
28
Q

What is infra-red used for?

A

Electrical heaters
Cooking food
Infra-red cameras

29
Q

What is visible light used for?

A

Fibre optic

To see

30
Q

What is ultra-violet used for?

A

Energy efficient lamps

Tanning

31
Q

What are X-rays used for?

A

Medical imaging

Security scanning

32
Q

What are gamma rays used for?

A

Medical treatment (radiotherapy)

33
Q

What type of wave does compression occur in?

A

Longitudinal

34
Q

What type of wave does rarefaction occur in?

A

Longitudinal

35
Q

What is the peak of a wave?

A

Top point

36
Q

What is the trough of a wave?

A

Bottom point

37
Q

When does light refract towards the normal?

A

When entering a medium denser than the one it was in

38
Q

When does light refract away from the normal?

A

When entering a medium less dense than the one it was in

39
Q

How do we calculate time period?

A

Period = 1/frequency

40
Q

Define period

A

The time it takes for one complete wave

41
Q

What is a boundary?

A

Where two substances meet

42
Q

What happens when light hits a boundary?

A

It reflects, refracts or is absorbed

43
Q

What is the normal?

A

An imaginary line perpendicular to the boundary

44
Q

Which mediums is light slower through?

A

Dense

45
Q

When light enters and leaves a glass block, which angles are the same?

A

The angle of incidence is equal to the angle between the normal and the light leaving the block

46
Q

Where do we measure the angle of incidence between?

A

The normal and the light

47
Q

What do we call reflection on a flat surface?

A

Specular Reflection

48
Q

What do we call reflection on a bumpy/uneven surface?

A

Diffuse Reflection

UK GCSE Physics (7 decks)

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