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UK GCSE Physics > Particle Model of Matter (P3) > Flashcards

Particle Model of Matter (P3) Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Density

A

Density is the mass for a given volume

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2
Q

What are the three common states of matter?

A

Solid
Liquid
Gas

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3
Q

Describe properties of particles in a solid?

A

Very close together
Arranged in a regular pattern
Vibrate but do not move from place to place

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4
Q

Describe properties of particles in a liquid?

A

Close together
Not arranged in a regular pattern
Can move around each other

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5
Q

Describe properties of particles in a gas?

A

Far apart
Not arranged in a regular pattern
Moving very rapidly

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6
Q

Equation for density

A

ρ=m/v

Density (kg/m^3) = Mass (kg) / Volume (m^3)

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7
Q

What is the density in solids?

A

Very High

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8
Q

What is the density in liquid?

A

High

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9
Q

What is the density in gas?

A

Low

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10
Q

Why does polystyrene have low density?

A

It has many air spaces

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11
Q

How do we measure the volume of a regular object such as a cube?

A

Base x Height x Width

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12
Q

How do we investigate the density of a cube?

A

Measure the mass
Measure the volume (bhw)
Put it into the equation ρ=m/v

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13
Q

How do we investigate the density of a cube?

A

Measure the mass using a balance
Measure the volume (bxhxw)
Put it into the equation ρ=m/v

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14
Q

How do we investigate the density of an irregular object?

A 
Measure the mass using a balance
Fill a Eureka can with water
Place the object in the Eureka can
Measure the volume of water that leaves the can (same as the volume of the object)
Put it into the equation ρ=m/v
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15
Q

Define Internal Energy

A

The energy stored in a system by the particles

total kinetic and potential energy of all the particles that make up a system

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16
Q

Which types of energy do particles have?

A

Kinetic

Potential

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17
Q

What do we do to a solid to turn it into a liquid?

A

Increase the internal energy

Melting

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18
Q

What do we do to a liquid to turn it into a gas?

A

Increase the internal energy

Boiling

19
Q

What do we do to a gas to turn it into a liquid?

A

Reduce the internal energy

Condensing

20
Q

What do we do to a liquid to turn it into a solid?

A

Reduce the internal energy

Freezing

21
Q

What is it called when a solid turns into a gas?

A

Sublimation

22
Q

Why is changing states a reversible process?

A

It is a physical change, not chemical

23
Q

Define Evaporation

A

When a liquid turns to a gas but only on the surface of the liquid

24
Q

Define Specific Heat Capacity

A

The energy required to raise 1kg of a substance by 1*C

25
Q

Equation for Specific Heat Capacity

A

ΔE=mc∆θ

Change in energy (J) = mass (kg) x specific heat capacity (J/kg°C) x change in temperature (°C)

26
Q

SMILE
= )
: )

A

Press 5

27
Q

What does the heating graph of a solid look like?

A

Temperature on the y-axis and time on the x-axis

It is a straight line increasing, it then plateaus, increases again, plateau and increases once more.

28
Q

Define Latent Heat

A

Energy needed to change the state 1kg of a substance without a temperature change

29
Q

What does the cooling graph of a gas look like?

A

Temperature on the y-axis and time on the x-axis

It is a straight line decreasing, it then plateaus, decreasing again, plateau and decreasing once more.

30
Q

Why does a heating graph have flat sections where temperature does not increase?

A

Energy being put in is weakening or breaking the forces of attraction, not increasing kinetic energy

31
Q

What is the specific latent heat of fusion?

A

Melting

The energy requires to change 1 kg of a substances from a solid to a liquid with no temperature change

32
Q

What is the specific latent heat of vaporisation?

A

Boiling

The energy requires to change 1 kg of a substances from a liquid to a vapour with no temperature change

33
Q

What is the equation for Latent Heat?

A

E=mL

Energy for a change of state (J) = Mass (kg) x Specific Latent Heat (J/kg)

34
Q

In which direction do particles in a gas move?

A

Brownian Motion

Constant Random Motion

35
Q

Define Pressure

A

Pressure is the force exerted on the surface of a container per unit of area

36
Q

How can we increase the pressure of a specific mass of a gas?

A

Increase temperature

increases average kinetic energy

37
Q

What is gas pressure at low temperature? Why?

A

Low

There are few, low energy collisions per second

38
Q

What is gas pressure at high temperature? Why?

A

High

There are many, high energy collisions per second

39
Q

What happens when particles in a gas collide with the inside of a container?

A

A force acts at right angles to the walls of the gas container
(Outwards)
This is the pressure

40
Q

The same mass of gas, in a container with a larger volume has a … pressure?

A

Lower

41
Q

Pressure of a gas has what relationship with volume?

A

Inversely Proportional

42
Q

What equation shows the relationship between gas and pressure?

A

If temperature is kept constant
pV = constant
Pressure (Pa) x Volume (m^3) = is always the same

43
Q

Define Work

A

Transfer of energy by a force

44
Q

What happens to the gas inside if you press a piston?

A

Internal energy increases as you have done work and transferred this energy to the gas
Temperature also increases

UK GCSE Physics (7 decks)

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