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Physics > Waves & Optics > Flashcards

Waves & Optics Flashcards

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1
Q

what are features of longitudinal waves

A
  • move in one direction
  • compressions and rarefactions
  • same plane
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2
Q

what are features of transverse waves

A
  • particles oscillate up & down
  • also eventually going in the same direction
  • amplitude is an abs number of the deviation of one wave from the midpoint (halfway between the min & max)
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3
Q

what does lambda represent

A

wavelength (width of the wave)

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4
Q

what is frequency is this context

A

number of waveslengths passing through per one point in one second measured in Hz

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5
Q

what is the formula for frequency

A

f = 1/T * lambda

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6
Q

what is the formula for velocity of a wave

A

v = f*lambda (wavelength)
e.g. m/s = m per sec

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7
Q

what is a photon

A

a massless packet of light energy (m=0) with a lot of wave properties

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8
Q

where does light reflect off

A

a surface

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9
Q

what is the angle of incidence

A

notes

angle against the normal path of light

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10
Q

what is the angle of reflection

A

notes

angle that results from light bending into another medium

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11
Q

give an example of refraction

A

light going from one gas to another, from the air to the ocean

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12
Q

what is the optical density of air

A

1.0

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13
Q

when is thetar > thetai

A

n2 < n1 e.g. going from more optically dense to less optically dense

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14
Q

when is thetai < thetar

A

n2 < n1 e.g. going from less optically dense to more optically dense

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15
Q

what is snell’s law

A

n1sin(theta1) = n2sin(thetar)

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16
Q

what is sin(30)

A

0.5

17
Q

what is sin(theta)

A

oppsite/hypotenuse

18
Q

what is >sin(30)

A

> 0.5

19
Q

what is sin(0)

A

0

20
Q

what is diffraction

A

where light acts as a wave rather than a particle

21
Q

what is destructive interference

A

where two waves of light are the same so they cancel each other out and light = 0

22
Q

what is constructive interference

A

points where the waves have cross hairs (notes)

23
Q

what is the formula for energy of a photon

A

E = hc/lambda = hf
where h = constant, c = speed of light, lambda = wavelength

24
Q

what is energy of photons measured in

A

Joules or electron volts (EV)

25
Q

how does a convex lens impact light (draw it)

A

it bends it inwards toward the axis

26
Q

how does a concave lens treat light

A

it diverges it, e.g. away from the axis for the focal length (f)

27
Q

what is the thin lens formula

A

1/f = 1/u + 1/v
where f = focal length, v = image position & u = object position

28
Q

what are the features of an image projected from a convex lens

A
  • magnified
  • inverted
  • real
29
Q

what are the features of an image projected from a concave lens

A
  • upright
  • minimised
  • virtual

Physics (6 decks)

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