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P1 Introductory science and methods > Waves, Electricity and Magnetism > Flashcards

Waves, Electricity and Magnetism Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Waves

A

An oscillation that carries energy and information from one place to another

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2
Q

What are different types of waves?

A
  1. Travelling

2. Stationary

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3
Q

What can travelling waves be?

A
  1. Longitudinal

2. Transverse

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4
Q

What are the different shapes of wave?

A
  1. Sine wave
  2. Square wave
  3. Triangle and sawtooth wave
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5
Q

What are longitudinal wave?

A

Oscillation of the particle go parallel to the direction of propagation of the wave

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6
Q

What are examples of transverse waves?

A

Ripples on surface of water

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7
Q

What are examples of longitudinal waves?

A

sound waves travelling in the air

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8
Q

What are transverse waves?

A

Oscillations are perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation

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9
Q

Transverse waves

A

The oscillations are up and down but the direction of energy transfer is sideways

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10
Q

Longitudinal wave: how does sound waves travel?

A

Particles in air

move from side to side

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11
Q

What do all longitudinal wave require?

A

A medium to travel in e.g. air, liquid and solid

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12
Q

What are examples of transverse waves from a medical perpesctives?

A
  1. X-ray - lateral x-rays of the skull
  2. NIRS
  3. Radiowaves
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13
Q

What are examples of properties of waves?

A
  1. Amplitude
  2. Wavelength
  3. Frequency
  4. Period
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14
Q

Define amplitude

A

The amplitude of a wave is the maximum displacement of a point on a wave away from its undisturbed position

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15
Q

What is amplitude?

A

The furthest point the wave vibrates from this undisturbed position

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16
Q

What is wavelength of wave?

A

Distance from a point on one wave to the equivalent point on the adjacent wave

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17
Q

Wavelength

A

Take a point on one wave e.g. the top then measure the distance to the same point on the next wave then that is the wavelength

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18
Q

what is the symbol for wavelength ?

A

Greek letter lambda

19
Q

what is the frequency?

A

The number of waves passing a point each second

20
Q

What is unit of frequency?

A

Hertz (Hz)

1 Hz = 1 wave per second

21
Q

What is the period?

A

Time (in seconds) for one wave to pass a point

22
Q

What is equation of period?

A

1/Frequency T=1/f

23
Q

What are the examples of wave behaviour?

A
  1. Interference and superposition
  2. Reflection
  3. Refraction
  4. Diffraction
24
Q

What is interference?

A

Combined effect of the disturbance caused by each individual wave at the same place and at same time

25
Q

What is the principle of superposition?

A

When two or more waves travel through the same medium simultaneously, the resultant displacement at any point is the vector sum of the displacement due to the individual waves

26
Q

What is standing waves?

A

When two waves of the same frequency travelling in opposite directions add together

observed in microwave ovens

27
Q

What is speed of light?

A

Constant in a vacuum

3x10ms-1

28
Q

What is wavelength of electromagnetic rod

A

speed of wave/frequency

29
Q

What are 2 ways of reflection?

A
  1. Specular

2. Diffuse

30
Q

What can the surface of a material do?

A

Transmit, absorb or reflect a wave

31
Q

What is specular reflection?

A

Angle of incidence = Angle of reflection e.g. light on mirror

32
Q

What is diffuse reflection?

A

Reflection of wave from a surface in which the incident wave is reflected at multiple angles

33
Q

What is refraction?

A

The change in direction of propagation of a wave as it passes through different materials

34
Q

What is diffraction?

A

A range of phenomenen observed when waves interact with slits, edges and other obstacles

35
Q

What is electromagnetic waves?

A

Transverse waces

Transfer energy from the source of the waves to an absorber

36
Q

What is a small part of the electromagnetic spectrum?

A

Visible light

37
Q

What is example of low frequency and long wavelength?

A

Radiowaves
Microwaves
Infrared

38
Q

What are examples of high frequency and short wavelength?

A

Visible light
Ultraviolet
X-rays
Gamma rays

39
Q

Where does the wavelength decrease?

A

Radiowaves to Gamma rays

40
Q

What are the sources of magnetic field?

A 
Current in wire
Loop of wire
Solenoid
Bar magnet
The earth
41
Q

What does the size and direction of force depend on?

A

Distribution of field lines

42
Q

What is strength of magnetic field measured in?

A

Telsa

43
Q

region of low flux density

A

weak field

P1 Introductory science and methods (14 decks)

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