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Physics With Toys > Waves: Color and Music > Flashcards

Waves: Color and Music Flashcards

1
Q

Wave

A

A transfer of energy; Matter is not transported

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2
Q

Mechanical wave

A

Wave that travels only through matter

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3
Q

Electromagnetic wave

A

Wave that can travel through empty space or matter

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4
Q

Transverse Wave

A

Wave in which the disturbance is perpendicular to the direction the wave travels

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5
Q

Longitudinal

A

Wave that makes the particles of a medium move back and forth parallel to the direction the wave travels

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6
Q

Combination

A

Both transverse and longitudinal

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7
Q

Water waves

A

Travels through water; water particles move in circles; combination

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8
Q

Seismic waves

A

Movement of earths crust that causes waves

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9
Q

P waves

A

Seismic wave; longitudinal

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10
Q

S waves

A

Seismic wave; transverse

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11
Q

Surface waves

A

Seismic wave; combination

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12
Q

Wavelength

A

Distance between one crest to another; shorter wavelength = higher frequency

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13
Q

Frequency

A

Number of wavelegths that pass a point each second; measured in hertz (Hz); one Hz = one wave per second

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14
Q

Crest

A

Top of a wave

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15
Q

Trough

A

Bottom of wave

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16
Q

Amplitude

A

Maximum distance a wave varies from its rest position; how tall a wave is; smaller amplitude = lower energy, larger amplitude = higher energy

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17
Q

Transmission

A

Carrying of energy using waves

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18
Q

Absorption

A

Absorbing of energy carried by a wave into an object; is transformed into a different form of energy

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19
Q

Reflection

A

Bouncing back of energy carried by a wave; always less than the transmission due to absorption

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20
Q

Law of reflection

A

When a ray of light hits a surface, it will reflect off the surface at the same angle as it hit the surface

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21
Q

Incident wave

A

light wave that approaches a surface

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22
Q

Reflected wave

A

wave that bounces off a surface after hitting it

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23
Q

Normal

A

Area perpendicular to the surface at the point the wave hits it

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24
Q

Refraction

A

The change in direction of a wave as it changes speed, moving from one medium to another

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25
Diffraction
Change in direction of a wave when it travels past the edge of an object or through an opening
26
Sound wave
Longitudinal wave that can travel only through matter
27
Compression
Region where molecules are closer together
28
Rarefaction
Region where molecules are further apart
29
Speed of light
300,000,000 m/s traveling through empty space; slower in matter
30
Speed of sound
343 m/s in gas; faster in liquid; fastest in solid; moves faster in higher temperatures
31
Outer ear
Collects sound waves; consists of visible part of ear and ear canal
32
Middle ear
Amplifies sound waves; consists of eardrum and three bones called the hammer, anvil, and stirrup
33
Inner Ear
Converts vibrations into nerve signals that travel to the brain; consists of fluid filled cochlea lined with hairs that pick up on vibrations
34
Frequencies
Measured in hertz (Hz) humans have a range of 20-20,000; some mammals can hear frequencies of 100,000 Hz
35
Pitch
Perception of how high or low a sound seems
36
Decibel Scale
Measured in decibels (dB); a way to compare loudness of sounds
37
Echo
Reflected sound wave
38
Light
Electromagnetic wave
39
Light source
Something that emits light
40
Light ray
Narrow beam of light that travels in a straight line
41
Transparent
Material that allows almost all light to pass through and forms a clear image
42
Translucent
Material that allows most light to pass through and forms a blurry image
43
Opaque
Material where light doesn't pass through
44
Scattering
When light waves that travel in one direction are made to travel in many directions
45
Regular reflection
Light rays traveling in the same direction hit the surface at the same angle; occurs from a smooth surface and produces a sharp image
46
Diffuse reflection
Light rays travel at different angles; occurs from a rough surface and does not produce a sharp image
47
Mirror
Any reflection surface that forms an image by regular reflection
48
Plane mirror
A mirror that has a flat reflecting surface
49
Concave mirror
Mirror that is curved inward; object that is more than one focal length from the mirror appears upside down and object that is less than one focal length from the mirror appears right side up
50
Convex mirror
Mirror that is curved inward; image will always be right side up but will appear smaller
51
Focal point
Area where light rays cross
52
Focal length
Distance from the mirror to the focal point
53
Lens
Transparent object with at least one curved side that causes light to change direction
54
Convex lens
Lens that is curved outward on at least one side so it is thicker in the middle than at its edges; object that is more than one focal length from the mirror appears upside down and object that is less than one focal length from the mirror appears right side up
55
Concave lens
Lens that is curved inward on at least one side and is thicker at its edges; image will always be right side up but will appear smaller
56
Cornea
Convex lens made of transparent tissue located on the outside of the eye
57
Iris
Colored part of the eye; controls the amount of light that enters the eye
58
Pupil
Opening into the interior of the eye at the center of the iris into which light enters
59
Lens (eye)
Made of transparent tissue; enables eye to form a sharp image of nearby and distant objects; lens gets rounder for nearby objects and flatter for distant objects
60
Retina
Layer of special light-sensitive cells in the back of the eye
61
Rod cells
More than 100 million; sensitive to low-light levels and allow you to see objects in dim light
62
Cone cells
More than 6 million; enables you to see colors; three types of cones; people missing a type are color blind

Physics With Toys (5 decks)

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