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Physics With Toys > Energy, Work, and Simple Machines > Flashcards

Energy, Work, and Simple Machines Flashcards

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1
Q

kinetic energy

A

object that has energy because it is in motion

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2
Q

energy

A

ability to cause a change

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3
Q

types of kinetic energy

A

Radiant, thermal, motion, sound, electrical

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4
Q

kinetic energy formula

A

KE = 1/2 mv^2

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5
Q

radiant energy

A

carried by electromagnetic waves

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6
Q

electromagnetic waves

A

radio, microwave, infrared, visible (ROYGBIV), ultraviolet (UV), X-ray, gamma

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7
Q

thermal energy

A

sum of the kinetic energy and potential energy of the particles that make up an object

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8
Q

geothermal energy

A

energy produced from near surface molten rock

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9
Q

sound energy

A

carried by sound waves

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10
Q

electric energy

A

form of kinetic energy that an electric current carries

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11
Q

seismic energy

A

transferred by waves moving through the ground

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12
Q

potential energy

A

stored energy that depends on the interactions of objects, particles, or atoms

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13
Q

types of potential energy

A

gravitational, elastic, chemical, nuclear

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14
Q

gravitational potential energy

A

type of potential energy stored in an object that depends on its mass and its height above Earth’s surface

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15
Q

gravitational potential energy formula

A

GPE=mgh

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16
Q

chemical energy

A

stored in and released from the bonds between atoms

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17
Q

nuclear energy

A

stored in and released from the nucleus of an atom through fission (splitting atoms) by humans or fusion (uniting atoms) in the high temperature and pressure found in the Sun

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18
Q

mechanical energy

A

sum of potential energy and kinetic energy in a system of objects

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19
Q

transform

A

to change form or structure

20
Q

energy transformation

A

conversion of energy from one form to another

21
Q

law of conservation of energy

A

states that energy can be transformed from one form to another, but cannot be created or destroyed

22
Q

work

A

transfer of energy that occurs when a force makes an object move in the direction of the force while the force acts on the object

23
Q

simple machine

A

does work through use of one movement that changes the direction or the amount of force required to perform a task

24
Q

lever

A

pivots around a fixed point

25
Q

inclined plane

A

flat, sloped surface

26
Q

screw

A

inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder

27
Q

wedge

A

inclined plane that moves

28
Q

wheel and axle

A

shaft attached to a wheel so that both rotate together

29
Q

gear

A

toothed wheel used to transfer rotary motion and torque through interlocking teeth

30
Q

pulley

A

grooved wheel with a rope or cable wrapped around it

31
Q

output force

A

the force exerted on an object by a machine

32
Q

input force (effort force)

A

the force you exert on a machine

33
Q

mechanical advantage

A

the ratio of the output force to the input force

34
Q

IMA

A

ideal mechanical advantage

35
Q

ideal mechanical advantage

A

the mechanical advantage of a machine in the absence of friction

36
Q

AMA

A

actual mechanical advantage

37
Q

actual mechanical advantage

A

the mechanical advantage that a machine provides in a real situation

38
Q

complex machine

A

two or more simple machines working together

39
Q

work equation

A

W = Fd, work = force x distance

40
Q

Joule

A

unit of energy AND work

41
Q

power

A

the rate at which work is done

42
Q

Watt

A

standard metric unit of power; horsepower is equivalent to approximately 750 of these

43
Q

power formula

A

P = Work / time (or P=Force*velocity)

44
Q

efficiency

A

ratio of output work to input work

45
Q

efficiency equation

A

(output work / input work)x100%

Physics With Toys (5 decks)

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