Waves and radioactivity

Question 1

Wavelength?

Answer 1

Measured in metres, point from one wave to the same point in the next wave

Question 2

Amplitude?

Answer 2

Distance measured from the middle to the top of bottom of the wave

Question 3

The greater the amplitude, the _________ the sound

Answer 3

Louder

Question 4

Frequency?

Answer 4

Hz - number of waves passing a point each second

Question 5

Electromagnetic waves are _________ and therefore don’t need a medium to __________ ______

Answer 5

Electromagnetic waves are transverse and therefore they don’t need a medium to travel through

Question 6

For light frequency determines _________. For sound frequency determines _______.

Answer 6

Light = colour 
Sound = pitch

Question 7

Sound waves also transfer ________ but are _________ waves

Answer 7

Sound waves also transfer energy but are longitudinal waves

Question 8

Wave speed equation

Answer 8

Wave speed = frequency X wavelength

Question 9

Electromagnetic spectrum order?

Answer 9

Low frequency < radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, UV, X-rays, gamma rays > high frequency

Question 10

Infrared uses?

Answer 10

Grills, toasters, communication short distance eg. Tv and remote

Question 11

Microwave uses?

Answer 11

Microwave and satellite transmissions like phone signals

Question 12

Radio waves use?

Answer 12

Transmitting radio podcasts and tv programs

Question 13

Ultraviolet use?

Answer 13

To disinfect water or fluorescence

Question 14

X-ray use?

Answer 14

Used to examine the inside of the body

Question 15

Gamma ray use?

Answer 15

Sterilise food and equipment, radiotherapy for cancer

Question 16

Which those of waves are more dangerous?

Answer 16

Higher frequency

Question 17

Electromagnetic radiation?

Answer 17

Electromagnetic radiation is produced by changes in the electrons or nuclei in an atom eg. Changes in electron arrangement

Question 18

Alpha particles?

Answer 18

Positively charged subatomic particles

Question 19

Proton?

Answer 19

Mass= 1

Charge=+1

Question 20

Neutron?

Answer 20

Mass=1

Charge=0

Question 21

Electron?

Answer 21

Mass= nearly 0
Charge= -1

Question 22

Isotopes?

Answer 22

Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons. Always have same atomic/proton number but can have different mass number

Question 23

Ion?

Answer 23

An atom that has lost or gained an electron

Question 24

Background radiation sources?

Answer 24

Food, rocks and soil(radon)

Question 25

A nucleus of a radioactive substance is _____ which means it can easily change or _____

Answer 25

A nucleus of a radioactive substance is unstable which means it can easily change or decay

Question 26

Alpha particle?

Answer 26

Charge of +2, mass of 4, 2 neutrons and 2 protons, no electrons

Question 27

Beta particles?

Answer 27

High speed, high energy electrons, mass just above 0, charge of -1

Question 28

Positrons?

Answer 28

High speed, high energy particle. Same mass as an electron but a charge of +1

Question 29

Gamma ray(decay)

Answer 29

High frequency wave with no charge

Question 30

Alpha particle function?

Answer 30

Their high speed and high relative mass means they transfer a lot of energy. They are good at ionising what they encounter but this means they loose energy quickly and have a shirt penetrating distance. They can’t penetrate paper

Question 31

Beta particle function?

Answer 31

Can penetrate much further into matter than alpha as it’s less ionising. Stopped by 3mm think aluminium

Question 32

Gamma rays?

Answer 32

10x less ionising than beta particles and can penetrate through matter easily. Stopped by thick lead or concrete

Question 33

What happens during alpha decay?

Answer 33

An atom emits the particle of 2 neutrons and 2 protons. Their mass number goes down by 4, their atomic number goes down by 2

Question 34

Longitudinal waves?

Answer 34

Their vibrations are parallel to the direction of wave travel. Eg. Sound waves, ultrasound waves

Question 35

Transverse waves?

Answer 35

Their vibrations are at a right angle to the direction of wave travel. Eg. Ripples on water, electromagnetic waves