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physics > waves and radiation > Flashcards

waves and radiation Flashcards

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1
Q

what do waves do?

A

transfer energy

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2
Q

what are the two different types of waves?

A

transverse and longitudinal

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3
Q

what is a transverse wave?

A

waves with particles that travel at a right angle to the direction of the energy travel

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4
Q

what is a longitudinal wave?

A

waves with particles that travel parallel to the direction of the energy travel

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5
Q

what does a higher amplitude in a wave mean?

A

that the wave has a higher energy

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6
Q

what is frequency?

A

the number of waves produced per second

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7
Q

how do you calculate frequency?

A

f = wave speed/wave length

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8
Q

what is a period (T)?

A

the time it takes for one wave to pass a point

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9
Q

how do you calculate a period (T)?

A

T = 1/frequency

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10
Q

how do you calculate wave speed (v)?

A

v = f x wave length

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11
Q

what is refraction?

A

the changing of the speed of light as it enters a new medium

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12
Q

what is diffraction?

A

the bending of waves passing through a gap or around a corner

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13
Q

what does a longer wavelength mean?

A

a lower frequency and energy

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14
Q

what does a shorter wavelength mean?

A

a higher frequency and energy

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15
Q

describe the structure of an atom?

A

positivley charged protons and a nucleus made up of neutral nuetrons surrounded by negatively charged electrons

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16
Q

what is activity?

A

the number of nuclear disintergrations per second

17
Q

what is activity measured in?

A

Bq

18
Q

how do you calculate activity?

A

A = no. of disintergrations/time

19
Q

what is half-life?

A

the time it takes for the activity of a radioactive source to half

20
Q

what is absorbed does measured in?

A

Gy

21
Q

what is equivalent dose measured in?

A

Sv

22
Q

how do you calculate absorbed dose (D)?

A

E = DM
Energy = ab. dose x mass of tissue

D = Energy/mass of tissue

23
Q

how do you calculate equivalent dose (H)?

A

H = DWr
H = ab. dose x rad. weighting factor

24
Q

what is equivalent dose rate measured in?

A

Svh-1

25
Q

how do you calculate equivalent dose rate?

A

H = eq. dose/time

26
Q

what is fission?

A

the splitting of a large nucleus into smaller nuclei

27
Q

what is fusion?

A

the combining of two smaller nuclei to form a large nucleus to produce energy

28
Q

what are three applications of nuclear radiation?

A
  1. generation electricity
  2. cancer treatment
  3. gamma cameras

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