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physics > Electricity > Flashcards

Electricity Flashcards

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1
Q

what is voltage (p.d)?

A

energy transferred to each coulomb of charge

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2
Q

what is current?

A

charge transferred per second

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3
Q

what are some factors that increase resistance?

A

-temperature
-length of wire
-thickness of wire

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4
Q

how do you calculate voltage?

A

V = IR (v = current x res.)

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5
Q

How do you calculate charge?

A

Q = It (Q = current x time)

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6
Q

what is alternating current (a.c)?

A

current that changes direction and magnitude continuously and comes from a mains power source

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7
Q

what is direct current ( d.c )?

A

current that goes in the same direction and has the same magnitude and comes from a battery source

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8
Q

what does resistance do?

A

oppose the flow of the current

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9
Q

what are the rules of the series circuit?

A

voltage splits, current stays the same

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10
Q

how do you calculate resistance in a series circuit?

A

Rt = R1 + R2 …

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11
Q

what are the rules of the parallel circuit?

A

current splits, voltage stays the same

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12
Q

how do you calculate resistance in a parallel circuit?

A

1/Rt = 1/R1 + 1/R2 …

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13
Q

what are transistors?

A

electronic switches

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14
Q

what must the input voltage of an NPN transistor be at in order for it to switch on?

A

0.7v or higher

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15
Q

what must the input voltage of a MOSFET transistor be at in order for it to switch on?

A

2v or higher

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16
Q

what are the values of a mains socket?

A

voltage = 230v
frequency = 50Hz

17
Q

what is an output device?

A

a device that converts electrical energy to another form of energy

18
Q

what is an input device?

A

a device that converts other forms of energy into electrical energy

19
Q

what is power?

A

energy transferred per second

20
Q

how do you calculate power with charge and voltage?

A

Ew = QV
E watts = charge x voltage

21
Q

what do voltage dividers do?

A

divides a supply of voltage between two resistors

22
Q

hwo do you calculate the voltage of 1 voltage divider?

A

V1 or 2 (R2/R1+R2) Vs

23
Q

what is the purpose of a fuse?

A

to melt and break the circuit if the current gets too high

24
Q

how do you calculate power with energy and time?

A

p = E/t
power = energy/time

25
Q

how do you calculate energy using current and resistance?

A

P = I2R

26
Q

how do you calculate power using voltage and resistance?

A

P = V2/R

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