Waves And Radiation

Question 1

What is the equation for finding Frequency?

Answer 1

Frequency = Number of Waves / Time

Question 2

What is the equation for finding Wave Speed?

Answer 2

Wave Speed = Frequency x Wavelength

Question 3

What is the definition of Wave Speed?

Answer 3

Wave speed is the distance travelled by a wave every second and it is measured in metres per second (ms-1)

Question 4

What is the definition of Amplitude?

Answer 4

The height from the middle of the wave to its peak

Question 5

What is a Longitudinal wave?

Answer 5

A wave which oscillates parallel to the direction of travel

Question 6

What is a Transverse wave?

Answer 6

A wave which oscillates perpendicular to the direction of travel

Question 7

What is Diffraction?

Answer 7

Diffraction is when waves bend around obstacles.

Long waves bend more than short waves.

Question 8

What are the 6 types of Waves on the Electromagnetic Spectrum In order of smallest Frequency to largest Frequency.

Answer 8

Radio waves, Microwaves, Infrared, Ultraviolet, X-rays, Gamma rays

Question 9

What is Refraction?

Answer 9

Refraction is the bending of light through a material due to a change in the wave speed.

Question 10

What happens when the light is slowing down through a material?

Answer 10

Light bends towards the normal when the light is slowing down (moving in a denser material)

Question 11

What happens when the light speeds up through a material?

Answer 11

Light bends away from normal when the light is speeding up. (moving in a material that is less dense)

Question 12

At what speed do all the waves on the Electromagnetic Spectrum travel at?

Answer 12

They travel at the speed of light

Question 13

What is Ionisation?

Answer 13

Ionisation is when an atom gains or loses an electron. This generally happens when an atom is decaying (it is unstable)

Question 14

What is the equation for Activity?

Answer 14

A = N / t

A = Activity (Bq)
N = Number Of Decays (no units)
t = Time (s)

Question 15

What is Half-Life?

Answer 15

The time it takes for the activity of a radioactive to fall by half

Question 16

What is the Equation for Absorbed Dose?

Answer 16

D = E / M

D = Absorbed Dose (Grays)
E = Energy (J)
M = Mass (kg)

Question 17

What is the Equation for Equivalent Dose?

Answer 17

H = Dwr

H = Equivalent Dose (sv)
D = Absorbed Dose (gy)
wr = The Weighting Factor (No units)

Question 18

What is the Equation for Equivalent Dose Rate?

Answer 18

˙H = H / T

˙H = Equivalent Dose Rate (sv/s)
H = Equivalent Dose (sv)
t = time (s)

Question 19

What are examples of Natural and Artificial sources of Radiation?

Answer 19

Natural - Food + Drink

Artificial - Nuclear Weapons + Medical

Question 20

What is Nuclear Fission?

Answer 20

• Nucleas splits into two Nuclei
• Lots of energy is released
• Two or three Neutrons are released

Question 21

What is Nuclear Fusion?

Answer 21

• Two atomic nuclei joining to make a large nucleas

- Lots of energy is released

Question 22

How does a Nuclear Power Station work?

Answer 22

A uranium atom is split into two smaller atoms which heats fuel. This heat is used to produce steam, which turns enormous turbines in a nuclear plant. These turbines power generators that produce electricity. The steam then turns back into water, and can be used over and over again.