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OAT- Physics > Waves and Periodic Motion, Sound and Solids > Flashcards

Waves and Periodic Motion, Sound and Solids Flashcards

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1
Q

Formula for simple harmonic motion

A

X= Acosωt or X=Asinωt

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2
Q

Frequency Factor

A

ω; related to frequency but is no the frequency. Their relationship is proportional

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3
Q

Phase shift of a wave to the right

A

x= Acos(ωt-Ф); over all subtracting

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4
Q

Phase shift of a wave to the left

A

X=Acos(ωt+Ф); over all adding

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5
Q

The period (T) is

A

The duration of time for one given event in a group. T = 1/ƒ

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6
Q

The frequency (ƒ) is

A

The amount an event occurs in a given time ƒ = 1/T; measured in Hz

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7
Q

Formula for a spring

A

ω = √k/m “Whack em”

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8
Q

Formula for a pendullum

A

ω = √g/L “Wiggle”

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9
Q

Formula for Vmax in simple harmonic motion

A

Vmax = Aω

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10
Q

Formila for amax in simple harmonic motion

A

amax = Aω^2

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11
Q

When dealing with pendullum how does the mass of the object affect its period/frequency?

A

The mass is irrelevant

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12
Q

Hook’s Law

A

F = -kx

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13
Q

Formula for elastic potential energy

A

P.E. = (1/2)(kx^2)

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14
Q

How are the “pulling force” and the displacement in a spring related

A

They will point in the same direction

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15
Q

How are the “force of the spring” and the displacement of a spring related

A

They will point in opposite directions

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16
Q

At equilibrium a spring experiences

A

Only K.E. Vmax F = 0 a = 0

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17
Q

At the extremes a spring experinces

A

V = 0 a max K.E. = 0 X = A (max amplitude) Only P.E.

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18
Q

How are K.E. + P.E. Related to each other at the equilibrium position

A

They are equal to each other K.E. = P.E. (Elastic)

19
Q

Longitudinal Waves

A

Medium moves in direction of the wave

20
Q

Transverse waves

A

Medium moves perpendicular to the wave

21
Q

Formula for velocity in relation to sound

A

λƒ = v Vsound = ~343 m/s

22
Q

What is the order of medium (fastes -> slowest) in which sound travels

A

S > l > g Sound generally travels faster in solids than in liquids and gases

23
Q

Formula for speed in sound in solids/liquids

A

V ∝ √1/ρ **Only use this to compare solids to solids or liquids to liquids**

24
Q

Formula for speed in gases

A

V ∝ √P/ρ

25
Q

Formula for standing waves in a pipe open at both ends or a rope with both ends fixed

A

λn = 2L/n n = 1,2,3..etc

26
Q

Formula for standing waves in a pipe open at one end

A

λn = 4L/n n = odd #’s

27
Q

n=1 is

A

The first harmonic or the fundamental frequency

28
Q

Beat frequency

A

Difference between two frequencies of two different sound waves i.e. 190Hz - 180Hz = 10Hz is the Beat Frequency

29
Q

Formula for Intensity

A

I = P/A = P/4πr^2

30
Q

Every factor of 10x equals 10dB of intensity

A

10x loud = 10dB 100x = 20dB 1000x = 30 dB

31
Q

Formula for intensity level (not intensity)

A

β = 10log(I/Io)

32
Q

Lowest intensity humans can hear

A

Io = 10^-12 (W/m^2)

33
Q

Doppler Effect formula

A

ƒo = ƒs (V ± Vo/ V ± Vs)

34
Q

ƒo > ƒs

A

Object and source are moving towards each other

35
Q

ƒo < ƒs

A

Object and source are moving away from each other

36
Q

If possible calculate the percentage of wavelengths in respect to the speed of sound

A

i.e. (343 m/s)/(15 m/s) ~ 22% change

37
Q

Young’s Modulus for stretching and compressing

A

F/A = Y (ΔL/Lo)

38
Q

Shear Modulus for Shear Defromation (tilting of a large book)

A

F/A = S (ΔX/Lo)

39
Q

Bulk Modulus for Volume Deformation

A

ΔP = -B (ΔV/Vo)

40
Q

Overtones

A
41
Q

efficiency of heat formula

A

e = 1 - (Tc/Th)

42
Q

First harmonic formula

A

f1 = nv/4L (pipe open at one end)

f1 = nv/2L (pipe open at both ends)

43
Q

Frequency of a wave when you aren’t given the speed

A

f = # cycles/time

44
Q

Formula for period of a pendullum

A

T= 2π√1/g

OAT- Physics (6 decks)

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