Light and Optics Flashcards

1
Q

Formula speed of a wave

A

λf = v

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2
Q

Formula for energy of a photon

A

E(photon) = hf = hc/λ

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3
Q

Speed of light

A

C = 3.0 x 10^8 m/s

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4
Q

Relationship between energy, frequency and wave length

A

As energy increases, frequency increases and wave length decreases, and vice versa

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5
Q

Angle of incidence is equal to the angle of

A

Reflection

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6
Q

Snell’s Law of refraction

A

n1sinθ1 = n2sinθ2

Only angles up to 90 degrees

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7
Q

When moving from a smaller index of refraction (n) to a bigger one your θ

A

Goes from bigger θ to smaller θ (moves closer to the normal)

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8
Q

Formula for index of refraction

A

n = c (vac)/v(medium) > 1

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9
Q

How does the frequency of light change from medium to medium

A

It doesn’t change

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10
Q

Formula for total internal refraction

A

sinθ (critical) = n2/n1

When no light gets refracted

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11
Q

Dispersion

A

Index of refraction is different for different wavelengths

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12
Q

Colors from low to high wavelengths

A

ROYGBIV

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13
Q

When you’re moving from a high n to a low n your angle moves

A

Away from the normal

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14
Q

Formula for bright fringes

A

dsinθ = mλ

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15
Q

Formula for dark fringes

A

dsinθ = (m + 1/2)λ

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16
Q

Reflected rays are inverted when going from ____ to ____ index of refraction

A

Smaller to larger

17
Q

Formula for thin films with no phase shift

A

2t = (m+1/2)λ(film)

18
Q

Formula for thin films with a phase shift between reflected rays

A

2t = mλ(film)

19
Q

X-ray diffraction

A

Diffraction of x-rays by atoms can be used to determine a substance’s crystal structure

20
Q

Adding waves in phase will cause what kind of interference

A

Constructive interference

21
Q

Adding waves out of phase will cause what kind of interference

A

Destructive interference

22
Q

When a color gets removed due to destructive interference what happens

A

The complementary color will show up

23
Q

Formula for mirror and lens distances to an object or image

A

1/do + 1/di = 1/f

do > 0; always

24
Q

Formula for maginification

A

m = -di/do = hi/ho

25
How does magnification value affect the image
m > upright m < upside down |m| > 1 appears larger |m| < 1 appears smaller
26
Lens Strength
1/f (unit is Diopters; f must be in meters)
27
Mirror behavior
converging —> concave | Diverging —> convex
28
Lens behavior
Converging —> convex | Diverging —> concave
29
Formula for frequency using radius of curvature
f = 1/2R
30
di > 0
Real image and inverted
31
di < 0
Virtual and upright
32
m > 0
Upright
33
m < 0
Inverted
34
For converging mirrors how does the position of the image affect its status
Above the principal axis: inverted Below the principal axis: upright
35
di < do
Image appears smaller than the actual object
36
di > do
Image appears bigger than the actual object
37
Spherical Aberration
The farther you are from the focal point the less sharp the image will look. Rays won’t converge at a single point
38
In diverging mirrors the focal point will always be
Negative