Light and Optics Flashcards

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1
Q

Formula speed of a wave

A

λf = v

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2
Q

Formula for energy of a photon

A

E(photon) = hf = hc/λ

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3
Q

Speed of light

A

C = 3.0 x 10^8 m/s

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4
Q

Relationship between energy, frequency and wave length

A

As energy increases, frequency increases and wave length decreases, and vice versa

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5
Q

Angle of incidence is equal to the angle of

A

Reflection

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6
Q

Snell’s Law of refraction

A

n1sinθ1 = n2sinθ2

Only angles up to 90 degrees

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7
Q

When moving from a smaller index of refraction (n) to a bigger one your θ

A

Goes from bigger θ to smaller θ (moves closer to the normal)

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8
Q

Formula for index of refraction

A

n = c (vac)/v(medium) > 1

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9
Q

How does the frequency of light change from medium to medium

A

It doesn’t change

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10
Q

Formula for total internal refraction

A

sinθ (critical) = n2/n1

When no light gets refracted

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11
Q

Dispersion

A

Index of refraction is different for different wavelengths

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12
Q

Colors from low to high wavelengths

A

ROYGBIV

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13
Q

When you’re moving from a high n to a low n your angle moves

A

Away from the normal

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14
Q

Formula for bright fringes

A

dsinθ = mλ

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15
Q

Formula for dark fringes

A

dsinθ = (m + 1/2)λ

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16
Q

Reflected rays are inverted when going from ____ to ____ index of refraction

A

Smaller to larger

17
Q

Formula for thin films with no phase shift

A

2t = (m+1/2)λ(film)

18
Q

Formula for thin films with a phase shift between reflected rays

A

2t = mλ(film)

19
Q

X-ray diffraction

A

Diffraction of x-rays by atoms can be used to determine a substance’s crystal structure

20
Q

Adding waves in phase will cause what kind of interference

A

Constructive interference

21
Q

Adding waves out of phase will cause what kind of interference

A

Destructive interference

22
Q

When a color gets removed due to destructive interference what happens

A

The complementary color will show up

23
Q

Formula for mirror and lens distances to an object or image

A

1/do + 1/di = 1/f

do > 0; always

24
Q

Formula for maginification

A

m = -di/do = hi/ho

25
Q

How does magnification value affect the image

A

m > upright
m < upside down
|m| > 1 appears larger
|m| < 1 appears smaller

26
Q

Lens Strength

A

1/f (unit is Diopters; f must be in meters)

27
Q

Mirror behavior

A

converging —> concave

Diverging —> convex

28
Q

Lens behavior

A

Converging —> convex

Diverging —> concave

29
Q

Formula for frequency using radius of curvature

A

f = 1/2R

30
Q

di > 0

A

Real image and inverted

31
Q

di < 0

A

Virtual and upright

32
Q

m > 0

A

Upright

33
Q

m < 0

A

Inverted

34
Q

For converging mirrors how does the position of the image affect its status

A

Above the principal axis: inverted

Below the principal axis: upright

35
Q

di < do

A

Image appears smaller than the actual object

36
Q

di > do

A

Image appears bigger than the actual object

37
Q

Spherical Aberration

A

The farther you are from the focal point the less sharp the image will look.

Rays won’t converge at a single point

38
Q

In diverging mirrors the focal point will always be

A

Negative