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Physics > Waves > Flashcards

Waves Flashcards

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1
Q

What do waves transfer

A

Energy but no matter

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2
Q

What is the difference between electromagnetic waves and mechanical waves

A

Electromagnetic waves: can travel through anything, including vacuums(e.g. space). Travel at the speed of light: 300,000 000 m/s

Mechanical waves: need material to travel brought, cannot travel through a vacuum

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3
Q

What is the difference between longitudinal waves and transverse waves

A

Transverse waves: energy travels perpendicular to the wave length, only go up and down or side to side

Longitudinal waves: energy travels in the same direction as the wave

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4
Q

What is amplitude

A

Height of wave or depth of a trough

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5
Q

What is the definition of frequency and how’s it measured

A

The number of waves present passing one point, hertz (Hz)

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6
Q

Define period

A

The time needed for one complete cycle of vibration to pad in a given point

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7
Q

Define wavelength

A

The distance on a wave between two crests and troughs

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8
Q

Define speed

A

Ten distance travelled in one unit of time

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9
Q

Define compression

A

Molecules moving closer together in a sound wave

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10
Q

Define rarefaction

A

Molecules moving further away in a sound wave

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11
Q

Name the electromagnetic spectrum in order

A 
Lowest frequency (longest wavelength)to highest frequency (shortest wavelength):
Radio + tv waves
Microwaves
Infrared
Visible
Ultraviolet 
X-rays
Gamma rays
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12
Q

Describe the properties, application and the hazards of a radio wave

A

There are no hazards
Used in TV, telephone, WIFI, Radar
Radiated energy
Can be reflected, refracted and detracted

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13
Q

Describe the properties, application and the hazards of microwaves

A 
Travel in straight line
Flow through thin outer layer of cable
Used in wireless communications 
Used for heating; communications 
Can heat body tissue like it heats food
Unsure long term effect
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14
Q

Describe the properties, application and the hazards of infrared waves

A 
Can produce changes in lens in eye
Treat skin diseases
Relieve muscle pain 
Used in wireless communications 
Night vision
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15
Q

Describe the properties, application and the hazards of visible light waves

A

Can see from the human eye
Refract when passing from one material to another
Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet
Can burn retina or even the skin (lasers)

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16
Q

Describe the properties, application and the hazards of ultraviolet waves

A 
High energy 
Penetrate skin
Sunburn or even skin cancer 
Used to disinfect medical equipment 
Purify liquids
Damage eyesight
17
Q

Describe the properties, application and the hazards of x-rays

A 
Travels in straight lines
Have a high penetrating power
Electrically neutral
Used for medical purposes 
Radiation exposure can cause cell mutations or even cancer
18
Q

Describe the properties, application and the hazards of gamma rays

A 
Has no mass
Has no charge 
Travel at speed of light
Used for killing cancer cells
Making pictures in brain
Sterilising equipment
Cause sickness or even death
19
Q

What travels in straight lines

A

Light in waves

20
Q

Define refraction

A

When light travels to a more dense object the light refracts

21
Q

Describe a diverging lens

A

Otherwise known as a concave lens, it gets smaller in the middle and fatter the further up u go. It helps long sited people see properly. It helps make sure that the focal sight lines up with the back of the retina

22
Q

Describe a converging lens

A

Otherwise known as convex lens, it has the shape of a an eye (wider in the middle skinnier at the edges). Helps short sited people. It helps make the focal point of the eye line up with the retina.

23
Q

What is formed when white light refracts through a prism

A

A spectrum

24
Q

Describe how the lens change shape to focus light onto the retina

A

Ciliary muscles and ligaments contract, the lens thins or thickens and is focused on the retina

25
Q

How do you calculate weight on a planet

A

Weight= mass x g

G is gravitational field strength measure in N/kg

26
Q

How do lenses change to correct long and short sited people

A

the lens changes shape so that the focal point is on the retina
For short sited u would need a convex lens
For long sited u would need a concave lens

27
Q

When are sound waves produced

A

When an object vibrates

28
Q

Are sound waves longitudinal or transverse, explain sound waves

A

Longitudinal, they travel through the air as a series of compressions and rarefaction.
It can travel through solids, liquids and gassed but not through vacuums

29
Q

What state does light travel in

A

Straight lines called waves

Physics (3 decks)

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