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PHYSICS > Waves > Flashcards

Waves Flashcards

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1
Q

How do you calculate period ?

A

1/frequency

The time it takes for one full oscillation

Measured in seconds

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2
Q

What are transverse waves ?

A

Waves that have oscillations which are perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer . These include

All electromagnetic waves
Ripples in water
A wave on a string

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3
Q

What is a longitudinal wave ?

A

Wave which has ocissilations that are parallel to the energy transfer .

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4
Q

What is the wave speed?

A

Speed at which energy is being transferred .

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5
Q

What is the wave speed equation ?

A

Frequency x wave length

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6
Q

What is the amplitude of the wave ?

A

Maximum displacement on the wave from it’s undisturbed position

Measured in m

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7
Q

What is the frequency ?

A

The number of complete waves per second passing through a certain point

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8
Q

What is the law of reflection ?

A

Angle of incidence = angle of reflection when measured to the normal

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9
Q

What is the angle of incidence ?

A

The angle between the incoming wave and the normal wave

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10
Q

What is the angle of reflection ?

A

The angle between the reflected wave and the normal

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11
Q

What is the normal?

A

An imaginary line that is the perpendicular to the surface at the point of incidence

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12
Q

What is specular reflection ?

A

When a wave is reflected in a single direction by a smooth surface .

Like reflections from a mirror

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13
Q

What is diffuse reflection ?

A

When a wave is reflected by the rough surface . The rays are scattered in different directions

Like a piece of paper

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14
Q

Order of EM WAVES from shortest to longest wave length

A 
Radio waves      Shortest wave length 
Micro waves 
Infrared waves
Visible light 
Ultra violet rays 
X rays                Longest wave length 
Gamma rays
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15
Q

Why is there a variety of frequencies between EM waves?

A

Variation in changes of the nucleus of atoms

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16
Q

What is refraction ?

A

When a wave crosses a boundary between materials at an angle it will change direction , the wave length will change but the frequency will stay the same

17
Q

What does refraction depend on?

A

How much the waves slows down when hitting the material.

18
Q

Define optical density?

A

A measure of how quickly light can travel through an object

19
Q

What are EM waves made out of ?

A

Oscillating electric and magnetic fields

20
Q

What are microwaves used for ?

A

In satellites
For communication to and from satellites microwaves must be used . However they must be able to move through the earths watery atmosphere

Also they can be used for cooking food . In microwave ovens these waves need to be absorbed by water molecules so they use different wave lengths

21
Q

Uses of infrared rays?

A

Can be used to monitor temperatures.

Can be used in thermal cameras to pick up hotspots .

Can be used in electrical heaters . They contain a wire which when heated emits infrared radiation . This energy is then transferred into thermal energy stores

22
Q

Uses of ultraviolet rays ?

A

Can be used in tanning salons

Can be used in ink . When lighted up the ink will become visible

23
Q

How is visible light used in fibre optic cables?

A

Long strings of data can be carried over by pulses of visible light

Thy work because the light rays are reflected of the glass bouncing back and forth

24
Q

Uses or x rays and gamma rays ?

A

X rays can be used to detect damage to bones

Gamma radiation can be used as a medical tracer

Radiographers use both rays to kill cancer cells

25
Q

Dangers of EM waves?

A

UV waves can cause damage to skin cells. Can increase the risk of cancer

X rays and gamma rays are ionizing radiation which can cause mutations in cells which could lead to cell destruction .

26
Q

What is black body radiation ?

A

A black body is an object that absorbs all of the radiation that hits it . No radiation is reflected or transmitted

27
Q

How does radiation effect the earths temperature ?

A

Temperature depends on the amount of radiation it reflects , absorbs or emits

28
Q

How do x rays scan breaks in bones ?

A

X rays pass easily through materials like flesh but struggle passing through denser materials like bone . So its the amount of radiation that is absorbed that gives you an X ray image

29
Q

How do colour filters work?

A

Filter out different wave lengths so that only certain colours are absorbed .

30
Q

Which of these is an example of a longitudinal wave?

Ripples on the surface of water
Sound waves
X rays

A

Sound waves

PHYSICS (17 decks)

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