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PHYSICS > Paper1 > Flashcards

Paper1 Flashcards

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Physics 101 flashcards AP® Physics flashcards
1
Q

Kinetic energy

A

0.5xmassxvelocity2

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2
Q

Gravitational potential energy

A

Mass x height x gravitational field strength

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3
Q

Power (2)

A

Energy transferred/time
Or
Work done/time

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4
Q

Insulation types

A

Cavity wall
Double glazing

Both use a layer of air to reduce heat loss from homes

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5
Q

Efficiency

A

Useful output/total input x 100

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6
Q

What is the current

A

A flow of electrons flowing through a circuit

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7
Q

What is potential difference?

A

Force propelling the electrons forward into the circuit

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8
Q

Bulb characteristic lines

A

Resistor - directly proportional

Bulb-flimsy line as temperature effects the resistance

Diode-line only positive as current can only go one way

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9
Q

Mains electricity

A

230v

50hz

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10
Q

Wires in plug

A

Earth wire (green-yellow) used for safety if plug casing ever went live

Live wire (brown) carries current

Neutral wire(blue)completes circuit

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11
Q

Power equation with PD

A

Potential difference x current

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12
Q

Power

Current

A

Current2x resistance

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13
Q

Energy

Electricity

A

Power x time
Or
Charge x potential difference

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14
Q

Energy transfer pendulum

A

GPE is transferred to KE as the pendulum swings down . KE transfers to GPE as it swings up .

Energy loss occurs due to thermal energy

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15
Q

When is work done?

A

When energy is transferred from one store to another

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16
Q

Fossil fuels

A

Non sustainable
Polluting

However

Fossil fuels are more reliable
Can meet energy demands
Relatively cheap

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17
Q

Nuclear power

A

Non renewable
Produce nuclear waste that must be stored for over a thousand years
Dismantling a power plant takes a long time

However

Extremely reliable
Does not contribute to climate change

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18
Q

Energy mix

A

Until 1950s coal was used
By 1980s 20 percent of power was nuclear
In 1970s scientists began to realise the effects of fossil fuels.
UK is lucky can can establish lots of wind farms and HEP plants

Reliability holds back renewable energy sources

19
Q

PD in a series circuit

A

Total Pd Across all components are equal to that of the power supply

20
Q

PD in parallel circuit

A

Each component including a power supply have the same PD

21
Q

LDR

A

In dark conditions the resistor has a high resistance

In light conditions the resistor it has a low resistance

22
Q

Thermistor

A

The resistance of a thermistor will decrease when temperature increases

23
Q

what is the main benefit of AC

A

Can use a transformer to increase or decrease the PD

24
Q

National grid

A

Electricity passes through a step up transformer maximizing voltage reducing energy loss

When reaching the house the PD goes through a step down transformer reverting the PD back to normal

25
Q

Static electricty

A

If you rub 2 insulators together the friction caused will transfer electrons from one material to another . This positively charges one and negatively charges another

26
Q

Electric fields

A

Each charged object generates an electric field.

If 2 objects of the same charge are placed next to each other a force of repulsion will occur

27
Q

What way do electrons flow?

A

Negative to positive

28
Q

What do resistors do

A

Reduce the flow of the current

29
Q

Density equation

A

Mass/volume

30
Q

Solids
Liquids
Gases

DENSITY

A

Solids-because particles are tightly packed together they have a lot of mass for their volume

Liquids-because their particles are still close together they have a lot of mass for their volume

Gases have a very low mass for their volume as the particles are not near each other

31
Q

Internal energy

A

All 3 states have internal energy

It is made up of kinetic energy and potential energy (chemical bonds and intermolecular forces

32
Q

What is specific latent heat

A

Amount of energy needed to the state of 1kg of a substance

33
Q

Solid to liquid

Liquid to gas

A

Specific latent heat of fusion

Specific latent heat of vaporisation

34
Q

How do you increase the pressure of a gas ?

A

Increase temperature will increase the number of particles colliding on the walls of the container

35
Q

Work done on a gas

A

If we compress a gas then work has been done because we have applied a force onto a gas causing energy to be transferred to the particles increasing the internal energy store

36
Q

Radius of atom

A

1x10-10m

37
Q

How can electrons change energy lvl

A

If an electron absorbs EM radiation then it will have enough energy to move to the next energy level. It will emit that radiation losing energy and will move back down

38
Q

What is radioactive decay ?

A

A total random process. When an isotope has an unstable nucleus radiation is emitted

39
Q

What is activity ?

A

The rate at which a source of unstable nuclei will decay

40
Q

Alpha particles

A

Highly ionising
Can only travel 5cm in the air
Stopped by a sheet of paper

41
Q

Beta

A

Can travel 15 cm in air
Quite ionising
Stopped by a few mm of alluminuim

42
Q

Gamma

A

Can travel several metres
Stopped by 2 m of led
Not very ionising

43
Q

Half life

A

The time it takes for half of the radioactive material to decay

PHYSICS (17 decks)

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