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National 5 Physics > Waves (2) > Flashcards

Waves (2) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is wavelength?

A

The wavelength is the distance between any 2 repeating points in a wave.

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2
Q

What is frequency?

A

Frequency is the number of waves passing a point in one second.

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3
Q

What is amplitude?

A

Amplitude is the height of the wave from the middle line.

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4
Q

What is diffraction?

A

It is when waves bend around an obstacle.

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5
Q

What affects how well the wave diffract?

A

Their wavelength, as waves with a higher wavelength diffract more and waves with a higher frequency diffract less.

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6
Q

What dictates how loud a sound is?

A

Amplitude.

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7
Q

How loud is a quiet conversation?

A

60 decibels.

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8
Q

What is the danger level in terms of sound?

A

80 decibels.

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9
Q

What range of frequencies can people hear?

A

20 to 20,000 hertz.

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10
Q

What is ultrasound?

A

Frequencies above 20,000 hertz.

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11
Q

What can ultrasound be used for?

A

Creating pictures of babies, finding cracks in pipes, finding fish in the sea and breaking up kidney stones.

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12
Q

What is the Electromagnetic Spectrum?

A

It is the range or family of waves which travel as transverse waves.

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13
Q

How do transverse waves travel?

A

Transverse waves vibrate at a right angle in the direction of the wave.

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14
Q

What are some examples of transverse waves?

A

Radio, water and electromagnetic waves.

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15
Q

How do longitudinal waves travel?

A

Longitudinal waves vibrate back and forth in the direction of the wave.

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16
Q

What are some examples of longitudinal waves?

A

Sound, ultrasound and seismic-p waves.

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17
Q

How many decibels can damage your hearing?

A

110 decibels.

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18
Q

In what case does frequency increase?

A

Frequency increases going down the electromagnetic spectrum.

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19
Q

In what case does wavelength decrease?

A

Wavelength decreases going down the electromagnetic spectrum.

20
Q

The electromagnetic spectrum consists of 8 waves, what are they?

A

Radio, TV, Microwave, Infra-Red Light, Visible Light, Ultraviolet, X-rays, Gamma Rays. (ALM-332 can be used to remember these, Appliances: Radio, TV, Microwave. Light: Infra-Red, Visible Light, Ultraviolet. Medical: X-rays, Gamma Rays.

21
Q

What increases as the frequency of a wave increases?

A

Energy

22
Q

Why are Radio and TV waves ideal for what they do?

A

They have long wavelengths meaning they diffract more and are ideal for carrying radio and TV programs.

23
Q

Who proved that radio can be used for long distance communication (in detail).

A

Marconi proved that radio can be used to communicate information over a long distance using a radio transmission from Britain to America in 1901. (RADAR)

24
Q

What can microwaves also be used to carry?

A

Waves to satellites.

25
Q

What does RADAR stand for?

A

RAdio Detection and Ranging.

26
Q

What is the wavelength range of microwave ovens?

A

1mm to 50mm.

27
Q

What is infra red the scientific name for?

A

Heat.

28
Q

What can infra red be used for?

A

Speed up recovery of damaged muscle, drying paint and thermal imaging.

29
Q

What is visible light made up off?

A

It is made up of a range of different colours.

30
Q

When do wavelengths of visible light decrease?

A

When going along the spectrum (ROYGBIV)

31
Q

What is a concentrated beam of light called?

A

Laser.

32
Q

What can lasers be used to remove?

A

Birth marks, tattoos and can be used to vaporise tumours.

33
Q

What can UV light be used to treat?

A

Acne

34
Q

What is a security use for UV?

A

It can be used when paired with fluorescent chemicals that can only be seen using UV light.

35
Q

What does CAT stand for?

A

Computer Aided Tomography.

36
Q

What can X-Rays be used for?

A

They allow people to investigate the structure of materials down to the arrangement of atoms in crystals.

37
Q

What ground breaking discovery was made using the X-Ray?

A

Double Helix.

38
Q

What can Gamma be used for?

A

Gamma emitting chemicals can be used as tracers. Gamma emitting chemicals are injected into the bloodstream and can be tracked with a gamma camera.

39
Q

What can tracers be used to detect except for being injected in the blood?

A

Can be used to detect cracks in pipes.

40
Q

What is Radiotherapy?

A

It is the process of using gamma radiation to damage cancer cells and stop them from reproducing.

41
Q

What is refraction?

A

It is the process where the speed of a wave changes as it travels from one medium into another.

42
Q

What happens when light travels at an angle into the normal from one medium to another?

A

The direction of the light also changes.

43
Q

Describe a Convex lens.

A

Oval shaped, with the light converging on each other when leaving the lens.

44
Q

Describe a Concave lens.

A

It is a rectangle shape with two oval half oval cutouts, the light diverges when from each other when leaving the lens.

45
Q

What is the angle of incidence?

A

It is the angle at which the light enters a medium.

46
Q

Why are bones white on a black background when using an X-Ray?

A

Because X-Rays are absorbed by bone.

National 5 Physics (5 decks)

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