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National 5 Physics > Electricity (4) > Flashcards

Electricity (4) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is matter made from?

A

Atoms.

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2
Q

What happens to an atom when it loses electrons?

A

It becomes positively charged.

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3
Q

What happens to an atom when it gains electrons?

A

It becomes negatively charged.

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4
Q

What does each electron carry?

A

A tiny charge (Q).

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5
Q

What is the unit for charge?

A

Coulomb (C).

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6
Q

How do we measure a unit of charge of an electron?

A

We bundle billions of electrons into a coulomb.

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7
Q

What is electric current?

A

It’s the number of coulombs of charge passing a point each second.

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8
Q

What is the symbol for current?

A

I.

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9
Q

What is the unit of current?

A

Amperes (A)

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10
Q

What would 3C of charge passing through a bulb in 1 second be when translated into amperes?

A

3A.

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11
Q

What is the formula for charge?

A

Q=It.

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12
Q

Where could you find an electrical force field?

A

Around charged particles.

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13
Q

What does the direction of an electric field mean?

A

It is the direction a positive particle would travel if placed in the field.

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14
Q

What is electrical energy that a coulomb of charge is defined by?

A

Voltage/potential.

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15
Q

What is the difference between the voltage/potential a coulomb has at one point or another?

A

It is called the potential difference (p.d.)

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16
Q

What is potential difference measured in?

A

Volts.

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17
Q

What does the voltage of a cell tell you?

A

The amount of energy the cell gives you or transfers to each coulomb of charge.

18
Q

What do coulombs do?

A

They carry the energy around a circuit.

19
Q

What is the voltage across a component?

A

It is the amount of energy a coulomb gives up at the component.

20
Q

What is energy measured in?

A

Joules

21
Q

How does d.c. from d.c. battery travel in a circuit?

A

The current is a constant size and travels in one direction from the negative side of the battery to the positive side.

22
Q

How does a.c. from a.c. battery travel in a circuit?

A

The current changes size and direction continually.

23
Q

How does a.c. travel in British homes?

A

The current changes direction in kettles and TVs 50 times each second (frequency 50 Hz).

24
Q

What things have a d.c. supply?

A

Car battery and watch battery.

25
Q

What things have a a.c. supply?

A

Electricity in your house.

26
Q

What is used to measure current?

A

Ammeter.

27
Q

What does the ammeter measure exactly?

A

The number of coulombs passing a point each second.

28
Q

What is used to measure voltage?

A

Voltmeter.

29
Q

What do all materials do in terms of resistance?

A

All materials oppose the flow of current (this is called resistance).

30
Q

What are the units for resistance?

A

Ohms.

31
Q

What happens as the resistance of a circuit increase?

A

The coulombs find it more difficult to flow meaning the current in a circuit decreases.

32
Q

How does the temperature of a component affect the resistance?

A

The higher the temperature the higher the resistance meaning the lower the current that is passing through.

33
Q

How does current act in a series circuit?

A

As there is only one path for the current to travel it stays the same all the time.

34
Q

How does voltage act in a series circuit?

A

The voltage across the whole circuit adds up to the supply voltage.

35
Q

How does current in a parallel circuit travel?

A

As there are multiple branches current travels through them until reaching the same current as the one that is in the supply.

36
Q

Where does electricity first flow in a parallel circuit?

A

The waves travel to the first available branch meaning more of the current will split off to this branch.

37
Q

What stays the same no matter where it is in a parallel circuit?

A

Voltage, It is equal to the supply voltage (even with resistors)

38
Q

Where are series circuits used?

A

Christmas lights (simple, cheap) safety switches on devices (avoid accidentally turning on device).

39
Q

Where are parallel circuits used?

A

Ceiling bulbs and plug points.

40
Q

What is Ohm’s Law?

A

It is the relationship between the current flowing through a component and the voltage across the component.

41
Q

What do the letters RT represent?

A

Total resistance.

National 5 Physics (5 decks)

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