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Astronomy > Waves > Flashcards

Waves Flashcards

1
Q

Wavelength

A

distance from peak to peak, measure in nanometers for light, Lamnda

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2
Q

Frequency

A

How many complete wave lengths pass a point in one second, f, each cycle = 1 Hertz (Hz)

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3
Q

Velocity of a Wave

A

v = frequency x wavelength, speed of wave, m/s

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4
Q

White Light

A

Mixture of all colors of the spectrum in equal measures

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5
Q

Blue light

A

400 nm, shortest

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6
Q

Red light

A

750 nm, longest

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7
Q

Wave nature of light

A

Light waves can interfere with each other

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8
Q

Particle nature of light

A

Photons (Particles of light)

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9
Q

Photons

A

Packets of electromagnetic energy, E=Frequency x Planck’s constant (h), energy carried by photon is proportional to its frequency (Blue carries more energy than red)

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10
Q

Emission Spectrum

A

Distinct pattern of colored lines for each element, fingerprint for element since each is unique

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11
Q

Bohr Atom

A

Electrons travel in specific cirular orbits around the nucleus, each orbit corresponds to a fixed energy level, electron can jump between orbits by absorbing or emitting energy in the form of light, F= change in energy/ h

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12
Q

Bohr Atom Transitions

A

Level 3 to Level 1 transitions are more energetic than level 3 to level 2, Collection of all possible transitions produces an emission spectrum

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13
Q

Electromagnetic Spectrum

A

Huge range of light, not all visible,
ORDER: radio wave, microwaves, infrared, visible light, UV, x-rays, Gamma Rays

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14
Q

Radio Waves

A

Longest waves, 1mm-100km, used in radio, TV, cell phone communications, can travel long distances and through obsticles

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15
Q

Microwaves

A

1mm-1m, used in food making, satellite communication and radar, get absorbed by water molecules

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16
Q

Infrared (IR)

A

700nm-1mm, feel as heat, used in remotes, thermal imaging, and night vision glasses

17
Q

Visible Light

A

400nm - 700nm, only EM radiation our eyes can detect, colors

18
Q

Ultraviolet (UV)

A

10nm-400nm,, more energetic and harmful in large doses, sterilizes medical equipment, glows in black light

19
Q

X - Rays

A

0.01nm-10nm, can pass through most materials, medical imaging

20
Q

Gamma Rays

A

<0.01nm, most energetic, used in cancer treatment and nuclear reactions

21
Q

Kirchoff’s Laws

A

Describe how light interacts with different types of matter

22
Q

Kirchoff’s 1st Law

A

A hot, dense gas emits a continuous spectrum when heated

23
Q

Kirchoff’s 2nd Law

A

A hot, low density gas emits a discreet spectrum

24
Q

Kirchoff’s 3rd Law

A

When light of a continuous spectrum passes through a cool gas, it absorbs light at the same wavelengths that it would emit, these appear as dark lines in the spectrum (Absorption Spectrum)

25
Q

Absorption Spectrum

A

Helps us tell what a star is made of

26
Q

Transmission Spectoscophy

A

Star’s light passes through a planet’s atmosphere before reaching earth, certain wavelengths are absorbed by the planet’s gases, gives us the chemical composition of the planet’s atmosphere

27
Q

Viens Law

A

Hotter Objects have their peak emission at shorter wavelengths (blue) and cooler objects have their peak wavelength at longer wavelengths (red)

28
Q

Peak Wavelength

A

Where the radiation is the most intense, gives us the color we see, depends on the objects temp.

29
Q

Wien’s Law

A

Used to find temp. of star if you know the peak wavelength
Wavelength Peak = 2,900,000/ Temp.(in K)

30
Q

Color range of stars

A

From hottest to coldest
Blue, Blue-White, Yellow, Orange, Red

31
Q

Doppler Effect

A

Change in the frequency or pitch of a sound as the source moves relative to the observer

32
Q

Waves get bunched

A

Higher frequency, pitch, in the direction the sound is moving towards

33
Q

Waves get stretched

A

Lower pitch as the object moves away

34
Q

Blue Shift

A

Star is moving towards earth, has condensed wavelengths causing emission spectrum to lean towards blue

35
Q

Red Shift

A

Star is moving away from earth, has spread out wavelengths causing emission spectrum to lean towards red

36
Q

Shift Equation

A

If change in wavelength is < 0 blue shift
If change in wavelength is > 0 red shift

37
Q

Longer wave =

A

Higher Frequency

38
Q

Which photon has more energy red or green?

A

Green, higher frequency

Astronomy (10 decks)

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